Natural Born Killers :: essays papers

Natural Born KillersViolence is a constant on our screens whether it be an anvil falling ona cartoon character, a war z whiz on the news, a fight in an action movieor a pub brawl in a soap opera. But does this screen violence producebehavioural effects in the viewers? This is one of the most frequentand heatedly debated arguments in mass media. Is it the case that audiences are effected by what they see and that the producers of mediatexts are instigating or increasing violent behaviour, or do audienceshave the ability to understand what they have seen without being overly rund? It has to be ascertained as to whether audiences arepassive or active. This subject has caused contest within severalof different schools of thought and ideologies over the years. Theyhave either wide or only slight variations of opinion so it isdifficult to set to one definite conclusion as each one also has validand understandable explanations. It is difficult to deny that thewhole point of communicating is to influence one another by conveyinginformation (Vine, 1997), but to what extent does this influence takecontrol? To investigate this matter and come to a conclusion as towhether or not screen violence does instigate violent behaviour in thereader, we will be critically looking at two of the major(ip) ideologicalmodels as well as using some specific media texts to validate and/orcriticise these theories.First there is the Hypodermic Needle or Hypodermic Syringe effect. Thistheory has its root in 1950s America when dominant businesses and thethen government wanted to discover how far the public were influencedby what they maxim on television. The Hypodermic Theory came from thisMedia Effects model, which had a heavy emphasis in psychology.Businesses and the government alike wanted to know how much media issupposedly injected into the spirit of an audience viatelevision (Price, 1993). They wanted to know if through thisrelatively new medium the public could be persuaded unquesti oningly to,for example, vote for a certain political companionship or buy a specific brandof washing powder.The Hypodermic model proposes that the media has a very direct andextremely immediate effect on the general public, who accept theinjected message without question due to their passiveness. It is theidea that producers of media texts can persuade us to do what ever theywant and we will unquestionably comply. When we obtain the subject ofviolence into this field, a follower of this ideology would say thatthe violent behaviour witnessed on screen would be influentiallyaccepted by the audience without question.

The American Civil War :: American History

The American Civil WarThe incident that began the Civil War involved the demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter, in Charleston, siemens Carolina. On April 11, 1861, Brigadier General Pierre G. T. Beauregard requested that the fort be surrendered. The Federal commander, Major Robert Anderson, refused. On April 12, 1861, Captain George S. James fired the first tang of the war from a Confederate artillery battery. Artillery exchanges continued through April 13, when terms of capitulation were finally agreed to. The fort was evacuated by steamer on April 14. The following day Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 militia to serve for ninety days to put down combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary mechanism of government. The Civil War had begun. (Schroeder, 2005)The proclamation by Lincoln served to polarize the yet uncommitted states into action. Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee severed their ties with the Union, unwilling to supply tro ops to fight against their sister Southern states. The border states of Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky, while providing soldiers to both armies, were kept under Federal control. (Basler, 2005)The numbers did not look well(p) for the newly created Confederacy. Eleven states had left the Union twenty-two remained. The population of the Confederate states was about nine one thousand million, almost one-third of who were slaves. The Union states could count twenty-two million individuals and had a steady stream of immigrants. The South had only two main east-west railroad lines and limited ability to manufacture locomotives or rolling stock. Most of the cognize deposits of coal, iron ore and copper were in the North, together with about 92% of the countrys industrial capacity. The Navy remained loyal to the Union and most of the merchant shipping was Northern-owned. If the South was to happen upon victory, it would be against long odds. (Nofi, 2001)Albert Sidney Johnston, who was regarded by many as the Souths finest general, arrived to take command of the Western Department in mid-September, 1861. He could hardly have been pleased with the web site he found. He counted only 20,000 troops, most raw and ill-equipped, between the Appalachian Mountains to the east and the Mississippi River. In the Trans-Mississippi Theater, despite a Confederate victory at Wilsons Creek, Missouri on August 10, 1861, Southern Generals Price and McCulloch exhibited a lack of cooperation which only vaguely suggested they were on the same side. (Flachmeier, 2005)To correct these shortcomings, General Johnston immediately appealed for to a greater extent troops and appointed Major General Earl Van Dorn as the ranking general over both Price and McCulloch as the new year of 1862 rolling in.

Struggles Within the Middle East: United States Supplying Israel During

In October of 1973, a war between the Arabic states of Egypt and Syria and the state of Israel broke push through known as the Yom Kippur War. Being vastly overwhelmed by the Arabic states in terms of sheer volume of troops and equipment, Israel turned toward its ally in the West, the unite States. With profound diplomatic pressure from multiple Arabic states, the United States found itself in an increasingly difficult positioning. In an effort to create the best end point for America in both the Middle einsteinium and the global theatre, the United States made the decisiveness, knowing full well the possible consequences, to help supply Israel during the Yom Kippur War.On October 6th, 1973, during the Jewish holy day of atonement, Yom Kippur, a surprise attack transpired, catching Israel off-guard and potentially putting over sovereign nations in a precarious position pertaining to Middle Eastern foreign affairs. The governments of Egypt and Syria, knowing that Yom Kippur was t he holiest Jewish day of prayer and fasting that the Jewish military actively participated in, knew that they would be able to catch the well-defended Israeli positions off-guard. By combining their military might, the Egyptian army created a combined force that totaled the forces of NATO in Western Europe, creating a potential security terror to first world nations. In Golan Heights, the Syrian tank force outmatched Israeli by nine to one, and in the Suez region the Egyptian forces outnumber the Israeli by a ratio of one-hundred and sixty to one. Both sides, willing to commit both their men and equipment, were willing to sacrifice in order to gain their necessary victory. will to sacrifice their equipment, all sides in the war were looking outward toward other nations in or... ...rael during the war. With a fear that failure to maintain the balance of power in the Middle East, while trying to drive Soviet influence out, could upset Americas interests and security in the Global th eatre, United States officials made the decision that supplying Israel during the Yom Kippur War was in Americas best interest the long term.Works CitedU.S. State Department. Middle East Task Force. Situation written report 18. Washington, DCGovernment Printing Office, 1981.U.S. State Department. Middle East Task Force. Situation Report 22. Washington, DCGovernment Printing Office, 1981.U.S. State Department. Middle East Task Force. The Middle East Conflict and U.S. Oil Interests. Washington, DC Government Printing Office, 1981.The White House. Memorandum of Conversation, October 9, 1973. Washington, DCGovernment Printing Office, 1981.

Perspectives of Psychology :: Humanistic Psychology Human Behavior Essays

Psychology as we all know is the scientific study of the behavior of humans and animals. The chase paragraphs will compare and contrast Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and humane perspectives of psychology. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers about behavior through assorted techniques and through looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Due to the different approaches, each perspective form their own assumptions and explanations. Some perspectives are widely accepted while others struggle for acceptance Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were the key people in evolution the Humanistic Perspective, Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson were the key people in developing the Psychodynamic Perspectives and American psychologist John B. Watson was the key person in developing the Behavioral perspective. The Psychodynamic Perspective focuses on unconscious(p) mental activity. This perspective suggests that both normal and abnormal behaviors are determined prima rily by unconscious forces (Davis And Palladino). The Behavioral Perspective focus on patent behaviors but does not speculate about mental processes such as thinking (Davis And Palladino). It also focuses on learning in understanding how various behaviors occur. The Humanistic Perspective focuses on how people can come to achieve their fullest potential as individuals who make choices and who take control of responsibility for their mental, social, and personal experiences. It also emphasizes foreswear will and individuals control of their own behavior (Davis And Palladino). The cognitive process which is defined as some composite cognitive activity an operation that affects mental circumscribe the process of thinking and the cognitive operation of remembering. The view of the cognitive process of The Behavioral Perspectives is overdue to private events not subject to scientific examination, best explained by examining the environment. The view of the cognitive process of Th e Psychodynamic Perspective is due to unconscious processes determine about 6/7 of our behavior. The cognitive process of The Humanistic Perspective is due cognition and emotions and that behaviors are mostly determined by emotions. The Humanistic Psychology is influence by individual growth, personal responsibilities, and free will. The Psychodynamic Psychology is influence by unconscious mental process (needs and conflicts), and the Behavior Psychology is influence by interaction with other behavior and the environment.

The Neverending Story Essay -- Literary Analysis, Michael Ende

Michael Endes The Neverending Story is a timeless tale of adventure, imagination, and self-discovery. The story revolves around Bastian Balthazar Bux, an innocent but awkward, socially outcast, and greatly misunderstood pre-teen boy of a widowered father who finds himself metaphorically and literally lost within the pages of a magical book entitled The Neverending Story. Inside the book, Bastian discovers a terrible affliction has befallen the enchanting terra firma of Fantastica, a mystic world full of rock creatures, purple buffaloes, and wind giants (to name a few). The malevolent force he finds is slowly and sporadically consuming Fantastica and all of its inhabitants. It is called the Nothing, and it threatens to destroy the world of Fantastica forever unless someone is able to find the one who will give the Child desire Empress a new name.The Childlike Empress, too known as the Golden-Eyed Commander of Wishes, is an aloof, seemingly omnipotent, and mysterious girl that rul es Fantastica. She is the fabric which holds Fantastica together, and in essence she is Fantastica. Her desire for a new name (which she claims wills save the world) leads a brave young warrior on an arduous journey to find someone who can give her a new moniker. That warriors name is Atreyu.Atreyu is a pie-eyed and persevering hunter turned adventurer whose quest begins upon receipt of a message from the Childlike Empress to locate the giver of her new name. Though he does non fully understand his mission or final destination, Atreyu resolves himself to fulfill the request of the Childlike Empress. Bastian also resolves himself to see Atreyus story to the end, but he in conclusion realizes that Atreyu is not the only one on a mission from the empress an... ...an is tested by the empress to give her a new name. The examples continue to follow both part of the novel and both heroes, though all atomic number 18 in disorder according to Propps sequence. Regardless, at least tw enty-four of Propps thirty-one functions are present in Endes novel.CONCLUSIONThe myth motifs discussed are but a few of the many to be found in Endes novel, though I would argue that the mythological parallels came second to his writing an engaging story. Rather than a cookie-cutter myth comparison, The Neverending Story is a fantastic journey through and through imagination. Only when examined and pulled apart do the intricate mythological relationships reveal themselves. I still wonder if the foundations of myth lurk in the subconscious minds of story tellers like Michael Ende, or are the relationships found in his and others stories entirely coincidental?

Tidal Energy Alleviating Mans Demand for Energy Essay -- Water Hydro

tidal Energy Alleviating Mans Demand for EnergyABSTRACTThe demand for energy has increased rapidly, firearm its supply has continued todecrease rapidly. Inventors have only worsened the energy crisis by creating energysavers that run on fossil fuels. Yet, the answer is quite candid and lies in the oceanstides that can be apply as a risk-freer and alternative for energy. France has invented a tidalbarrage that now powers 240,000 homes ten hours a day. Other countries are followingFrances lead by beginning the construction of their own tidal barrages. However, theworld still needs a semipermanent lasting energy source.INTRODUCTIONThe demand for energy has increased rapidly, while its supply has continued todecrease rapidly. Inventors have created energy savers such as cross cars onlyworsening the problem with its increase in pollution and incredible energy consumption.Hybrid cars run on petroleum and electricity. Meanwhile, people desperately go for it asthe Earths fossil fuels are rapidly consumed.Yet, the answer is quite simple and lies in the oceans tides that can be used as asafer and alternative for energy. The oceans tides run through tidal barrages in whichturbines rapidly spin and transform low tides into energy. This energy does non pollutethe atmosphere nor does it produce any greenhouse effects. Even though tidal barragesare expensive to build and maintain, they produce a lot of safe and free energy.Of course tidal barrages appear to be the ideal solution for the worlds energycrisis. However, tidal barrages effect the environment. Birds migrate away from tidalbarrages in order to find ideal living conditions. Fish are caught and killed by theTidal Energy 2spinning turbines.... ...oduction to Ocean Energy. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from National renewableEnergy Laboratory Website http//www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/ocean.htmlEconomically Viable Energy from the Worlds Oceans. Retrieved July 20, 2005, fromEco World Website http//www.ecoworld.rog/water /articles/articles2.cfm?TID=334Tidal Power. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Energy Quest Websitehttp//www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter14.htmlTidal Power. Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Wikipedia Websitehttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_powerTidal Energy. Retrieved July 20, 2005 from Vision Engineer Websitehttp//www.visionengineer.com/env/tidal.shtmlOcean Tidal Technical FAQ. Retrieved August 1, 2005, from Poemsinc Websitehttp//www.poemsinc.org/FAQtidal.html,Technology. Retrieved August 2, 2005, form Marine Turbines Websitehttp//www.marineturbines.com/technical.htm

Danone Case Study

Organizational market-gardening is formed by how the reading is flowing around the caller-up. Some organizations prefer jacket-down approach in which information sh atomic number 18 is usually limited to the key personnel. In contrast, some organizations prefer bottom-up approach in which information is usually shared among the firm and management dupes decision based on feedbacks. In the case of Danone, the company formed a culture of networking in order to encourage more information sacramental manduction among employees. Danone has been a success in the consumer goods sector due to its innovative culture, and it also enjoys climbing revenues in the recent years.Knowledge management challenges faced by Danone in that location were two challenges faced by Danone. First, sharing was not a natural thing among employees especially when there were no personal connections. Donones employees prefer sharing information by talking to each other than sharing information on computers . Second, some managers were not comfortable to let their teams to discuss matters, because managers worried that their fixs be challenged if teams are able to solve problems by themselves. However, management believes that these solutions from teams are useful within the firm.Therefore, the Networking Attitude was launched to encourage employees to develop personal connections and to help managers to work in networks in order to overcome Danones knowledge management challenges. The Networking Attitude initiative The Networking Attitude has been an excellent facilitator to encourage Danone employees to network with each other. The goal of Danone is to go for a game like structure to allow employees to form a special bond with each other. Organizing the marketplace activity, the company set up a fun, relax and informal atmosphere to allow employees to connect with each other and exchange ideas.Dressing in costumes also helps to lower peoples prohibition to make connections. Howev er, the problem of the Networking Attitude is that there could be lack of motivation from employees to network. If employees objectives are not aligned, there is little reason for employees to make connections with each other. Also, employees are not rewarded based on their performance in this initiative. Many employees may not have incentives to do more outside of their routine works bit no personal goal can buoy be achieved. In my opinion, Danone can utilize more on this networking platform to align with employees personal goals.For example, Danone can encourage employee to network across divisions, so the network can help them to change jobs across departments. Danone should go deeper (more employees) on knowledge sharing Danones culture is to encourage more information flows, and more employees should be involved in knowledge sharing. By encouraging employees to share, it can make up employees morale, and both top management and low level employees are able to understand more on the company as a whole. By allowing more employees to participate, it will increase employees sense of belonging.Employees will also be more open to bring up innovative ideas which will also benefit the company. In contrast, if Danone wants to go wider (outside the company), the company is running a risk by leaking out insider information to help its competitors. The bottom up approach organizational culture of Danone is one of the main reasons that make the company competitive in its sector. Without these three main components flat hierarchy structure, encouraging information sharing, and reacting fast to the markets Danone would be in a different position today.

Divergent by Veronica Roth Response To Text Essay Essay

The novel Divergent written by author speedwell Roth is a thrilling story slightly the love and sacrifice of two teenagers (Tris and Four) living in dystopian America. This novel follows the hardship of citizens living in a confederacy where every one(a) must be detached into groups c all tolded factions. The members of distributively faction must live their lives according to the value of their faction, whether it be Bravery for stalwart, selflessness for Abnegation, knowledge for Erudite, honesty for Amity or peace for Candor. When each faction member turns 16 they must choose a faction they wish to live the rest of their lives in, whether they choose to remain in the faction of their yield or join a completely different faction is up to them. I constitute this novel to be very rich in primal ideas or themes that weed be closely linked to todays world. Themes, much(prenominal) as love and sacrifice or separation of the social classes.In this book I find it interesting ho w author Veronica Roth has managed to include todays ways of social separations into this novel and emphasizes it to a point that shows all the flaws that there are in the way in which todays society judges and separates everyone into different rankings on the social ladder. The book shows that sluice though each faction is supposed to be mates to one an some other(a) there is always one faction that reckons they are better than the rest because they entrust their way is the right way of life. The Erudite faction believes that knowledge is power and because they have more knowledge than everyone else that they are superior. The feelingof superiority give outs more than respectable a feeling for the character Jeanine Mathews, head of the Erudite faction. She believes that because of their knowledge that they must rule the factions and remove those who she feels are not chargey for her new way of life. This shot of the book greatly reminds me of Hitler and how he was aiming t o achieve one master race. Hitler believed that the Jews were inferior and were considered less than human therefore he did not want them to be a part of his master race. Jeanine Mathews thought that the Abnegation faction was not worthy enough to be a part of her plan for a new community and way of life therefore she launched an attack on the Abnegation.Throughout history you see many an(prenominal) leaders, groups, races and religions depicting to take the metaphorical throne of superiority and try to live above the rest of society. I believe that all of this is caused by one thing, separation. In todays society no one is equal and we are all being discriminated against by each other. It is through our judgemental ways that we continue to stay divide. Even now if you look at the wars in countries such(prenominal) as Iraq, it is the separation of different religious beliefs that is causing many deaths. It became clear to me that, author Veronica Roth has similar views on seperat ion. I felt like this subsequently reading her bring up where she talks slightly the effects the separation of the factions had on some of the characters, Because it forced people to become narrower, twisted versions of themselves, and they ripped each other apart. This quote really does sums up what I believe the separation of the factions did to the character Jeanine Mathews. I think that this novel really depicts the theme of separation and the problems it causes in a watertight way that really sends a message of equality to the reader.This theme is not only prominent in this novel the theme of separation plays a boastfully part in other novels such as The Hunger Games trilogy written by Susanne Collins. In The Hunger Games, much like in Divergent, everyone is separated into 12 different districts with one district (The Capitol) ruling over the others. I believe that the idea of equality and how badly we need it is summarised by this quote from Joss Whedon, an American actor and director. Equality is not a concept. Its not something we should be striving for. Its a necessity. Equality is like gravity. We need it to stand on this earth as men and women. This quote points out that the human race will not be able to progress through life ifwe pass separating ourselves, discriminating others and putting ourselves in different groups. I feel that Divergent has really shown this in a way that really connects to the readers.I have found that, author Veronica Roth, has really fathered her characters throughout the plot of her book. She also shows the effects that one character can have on some other and how other characters can cultivate the character development of another. It was the character Four that has really given me a sense of this development. At the beginning of this novel Four was visualized as having a hard exterior and not having much emotion. It is not until the character Tris becomes a part of Fours life, does he start to develop into a mo re affectionate character. As Tris and Fours relationship grows into something more than student and instructor, you can see Four becoming softer and really starting signal to show his emotional side. Four has been living in the Dauntless faction since he left his birth faction (Abnegation) two years ago.In the Dauntless faction the transfers from Abnegation are bullied just because they came from the faction that is least well off. Because Tris has also come from Abnegation that Four feels sympathy for her in the sense that he has had to go through the same bullying. Four feels that he can relate to her because of this and I think that it is this that really kicks off their relationship and is why Tris and Four become such a strong pairing. By Four finally being able to relate to someone, he feels that he can open up to Tris and disappoint his walls. This really shows how the character Tris has had an impact on Four and how Tris has developed Four into a two dimensional character by bringing out his softer sides. This castrate in Four is not only noted by the readers but even by some of the characters in the book. This is told when the character Christina says to Four The person you became with her is worth being. This quote really shows that it was Tris that has changed Four and that this change is a positive one. The idea that a person can influence a change in another is not just something that happens in books but in reality too.It doesnt always have to be a person that you know that can influence a change in someones life. It is quite often that, celebrities or other public figures that can influence a change. For example, when I was acquittance through a tough time in my life, it wasnt family members or friendsthat helped me through it but the supportive words of celebrities I look up too. once more it was all about connecting with someone who you can relate to. In my case it was my favourite musician. This musician had been through similar things a nd I felt as if they understood, even though we had not met, let alone even spoken to each other. This also shows what a big influence media has on people of todays society. The medias opinion and views on how people should live their life are everywhere in magazines, television shows and on social media and are hard to be ignored. So it is not only people that can influence a change in someones life but other things such as media.To conclude, Divergent is an exciting novel that is rich in themes and will keep the reader on the edge of his or her seat. The theme of separation showed many links to todays society and even to events in history, as well as pointing out many problems that occur with separation in our society. Veronica Roth has not only given a huge amount of depth to her themes in this novel, but has been able to develop her characters throughout the story, morphing them from what you would call a one dimensional character into a two dimensional character. A character, w ith more than one side to them. This novel has really made me think that how, as an individual, can I not take part in this separation.Whether it is separation of social classes, religious groups or even the separation of people through lifestyle, I believe that everyone should be viewed as equal and not be discriminated against. This novel has also shown me (through the character development of Four and how the character Tris influenced this development ) that people or other things that we find we can relate to or care about, can play a large role and influence some of the personal choices we make as well as influence how we grow as people. Veronica Roth has written this novel in a way that really gets the reader thinking about the themes and/or main ideas as well show important links in these themes and ideas that can relate to the outside world.

ICT †The Way I do Things at Home and at School Essay

I expenditure ICT a lot at basis and at school and in this report I will show how, where, when and why I use these appliances.At home in that location are legion(predicate) appliances which use ICT, for grammatical case Microwaves, Mobile Phones etc. But there are besides some appliances which I also use at school for example PCs. And I will also show how I use these things in different ways.I use my fluid ring a lot at home, it is just one of the some ways I keep in touch with people who I dont lots see and love quite a way away. There are only two ways people croup contact me on my mobile phoneThe phone I own is a Samsung A300e which also has WAP. WAP is Wireless Application Protocol which is a standard way to connect to the internet using wireless devices it also allows you to access information like text and images. I tail assembly use my mobile phone anywhere in the home except where I cant get a signal the only place in the home is usually the basement. With differ ent networks you can different signals for example I am on Virgin which does not view as more satellites in space and therefore does not realize as much coverage as Vodafone who have numerous more than satellites and can cover a larger amount of land. The good things about having a mobile phone is that if there is no some other way to contact friends in an emergency then it is very easy to contact them using a mobile, although there are some downsides to having a mobile phone and there are that people may contact you and you may not want them to, or you could be somewhere important like a meeting and someone could contact you either by ringing you or sending a SMS,I use digital television quite often and it is transmitted through a satellite dish which is placed on the side of the house and transmits in signals which allow more transmit to be viewed than normal, the channels range from 101 to 999 but obviously there are not channels on every number some channels are skipped e .g. 666 there is just a message that says channel unavailable. With digital TV you can shop and even play games. There is also lots of information that can be found out like, cinema listings or even the latest live shows. There is always a TV guide available choose into sections like, comedy, music or sport which is easier if you are looking for something in particular.I use a microwave at home to heat food or defrost something frozen. I use it to heat things because it is a lot more efficient than the stove. It also knocks down the time of defrosting because I can just objurgate it to defrost and put it on for several minutes rather than leaving it out over night.I play a lot of the time on computer consoles because it is a form of entertainment for me. I play many games like football manager games and platform games such as CROC which are more like adventure games. I have a playstation 2 which can also play playstation 1 games and use the same joypads. I have many other games li ke Mind hunters which take hours to complete and when I usually finish them I have usually being playing for about atomic number 6 hours all together. I also use an X-BOX which is one of the best consoles of all time in my opinion, although it is slightly expensive therefore I have few games, the pads can range from small to large which I think are a bit big for my liking.I use a PC a lot at school because I do Applied ICT and I also use them to type up course work in many of my lessons e.g. English. I also use them for entertainment I go on the internet quite a lot, after I finished my work. I use sites like, mousebreaker.com and uwizone.com which is my email. When Im on email I come into contact with people from all around the world like India and the USA. This is an advantage because if there were no PCs I would be required to do all work by hand and probably wouldnt be doing ICT GCSE. When using the computer I have to abide by several laws like the computer misuse act and the c opyright act. The software I use isWord- to word processExcel- to create spreadsheetsAccess- to create databasesPower Point- to create presentations

Problems in business logic Essay

1.When compared to traditional desktop customers, why are rambling ph peerless users much more likely to go for a room or air passage reservation for the homogeneous day? Mobile phone users were able to use an interactive application that allowed them to search by a set of particular items, which at the current time web users did not have that function. It was said that about less than a quarter web users booked a room for the same day while mobile users were more likely to book a room for the same day.2.In the mobile design project of 2011, why did Orbitz management descend to construct a mobile Web site for corporate users rather than a native app? Orbitz decided that corporate users preferred using a mobile web app rather than a native app because business travelers already were using items such as smart phones, and felt that the mobile web site was more beneficially.3.What is business logic and why was it important for corporate travelers to have online reservation systems that included business logic? Business logic is the communication step amongst Orbitz and the customer. It is important to have an online reservation system that included business logic is because a business traveler may need a place to retain quickly, and not know the area, they can make quick reservations from their mobile web app quickly.4.Why did Orbitz reverse policy in 2012 and build native apps for each mobile syllabus (iOs and Android) instead of single mobile Web site? This change took place because Orbitz wanted customers to be able to enter their information all in one place without repetition. Customers would be able to compare prices, distances from their chosen activities and destinations and good deals. This redesign allows for fewer disruptions and site redirects. This allow shows that it increased the speed in which users were able to book hotels, flights and cars.Work CitedLaudon, Kenneth C.. & Carol Guercio Traver. E-commerce Business, Technology, Society. 10th ed. N.p. Print

Impact of Motivation on Job Satisfaction Essay

The term motive is derived from the word motive which influences the behavior of persons. Motives ar the expression of ineluctably of a tender being. Motivation is a execute of getting the motivatings of the tidy sum realized to induce them to cogitation for the come uponment of organizational objectives. Motivation is a behavioral psychological concept. It seeks to understand why muckle be get down the way they do. The intention is to produce goal-oriented behavior. It aims at influencing good result and arises from indoors the individual.The inner feeling balances the perception of an individual and at cardinalment of his needfully that influence the direction, volume, behavior limitation and stews of an individual. Hence pauperism is an inducement of inner feeling of an individual. It back toothnot be forced upon from the outside. consort to Steers and Porter (1991), there are two ways to view indigence. The traditional way is to define penury as a proces s of directing (stimulating) plurality to put through in order to accomplish a appetencyd goal.Based on this definition, motive is the function supervisors perform to get their employees to happen upon goals and objectives. The second view looks at individual motivation. Such motivation re bears an unsatisfied need that creates a state of tension (disequilibrium), causing the individual to move in a goal-directed pattern towards need- comfort and equilibrium. The goal of the behavior is to reduce tension by achieving a goal that get out satisfy that need. Both approaches to the study of motivation are motivation.Harmer (2001) defines motivation as slightly kind of internal drive which pushes someone to do things in order to achieve something. This strongly refers to an individuals appetite and willingness to take action towards the accomplishment of a given task. Invariably, peoples behavior at field of study is controlled by their intrinsic motives that characterize the w ork as rise up as the working environment. The managers put-on becomes one of identifying the right chord to play to influence each group particle to achieve the group goals.However, the study of motivation ploughes the distinctiveness of each individual, for each individual has a morsel of incentives (Robert and Hunt, 1991). Armstrong(1998) considers motivation as why people at work be devour in the way they do in terms of their efforts and the direction they are taking and what the organization crumb do to encourage people to apply their efforts and abilities in ways that will further the performance of the organizations goals as hygienic as satisfying their own needs. Cole (2002) relates this to human behavior and defines it as a process in which people choose amid alternative forms of behavior in order to achieve personal goals. According to Spector (19972) product line comfort is simply how people feel or so their frolic. It is the extent to which people like (sa tisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As is generally pass judgmented, is an attitudinal variable. In this context, job satisfaction can be considered as a global feeling well-nigh the job or as a related constellation of attitudes about various aspects or facets of the job.The management dilemma in m both organizations in todays fast charge per unitd technological environment is how managers can cleanse the motivation of employees, so that companies employ and retain a fulfilled work force that contri exclusivelyes optimally to organizational stake arrive aters. Essentially, the questions that must be answered by this study are What makes some employees perform better than opposites? What makes some employees seem better satisfied in their jobs than others? In what ways can management improve the motivation of their employees?All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve sustained high levels of performance through people. This means that, there is the need to give close attention to how individuals can top hat be do either through such means as incentives, rewards, leadership and importantly the work they do and the organizational context indoors which they carry out that work. This is real important because according to Reece and Brandt (1996234) they identified the importance of the e exploital factor at work.Emotions play a comminuted constituent in the success of e rattling organization, yet many people in appoint decision- making positions (leaders) with outstanding technical and financial skills fail to understand the important role emotions play in a work fit(p)ting. In part, the problem can be traced to leadership training that emphasizes that doing business is a purely rational or logical process. These authors further emphasize that the cost of ignoring the emotional factor at work can be costly to companies in the form of lawsuits, resignation and conclusion of valuable employees, etc.PROBLEM STAT EMENT There are many and varied reasons why managers are continually under distress in many organizations. Resources both human and material as well as technology are but a few issues confronting managers daily. More importantly, the human aspect has questions that have perplexed and fascinated managers for a long time. These questions include What makes some employees perform better than others? What makes some employees seem better satisfied in their jobs than others? How can we improve the motivation and overall job satisfaction of our employees?There are no easy answers to these questions, yet they plague managers in their day to day running of organizations. The creation is that the level of employee motivation affects their morale, performance and overall job satisfaction PROBLEM ANALYSIS DIAGRAM Employee Commitment Increases Profit Margins Effect of Motivation Increases Performance phone line Satisfaction RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. To what extent does motivation lead to increase s in job satisfaction? 2. To what extent does motivation lead to increases in performance? 3.Is there any relationship between increases in profit margins and job satisfaction? OBJECTIVE OF THE cultivation GENERAL OBJECTIVES To establish the impact of motivation on job satisfaction and to propose alternative strategy or testimony to enhance job satisfaction at the workplace. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. To examine whether motivation leads to an increase job satisfaction. 2. To assess whether motivation leads to an increase in performance. 3. To analyse whether motivation is the factor to increases in profit margin. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe fundamental purpose of this look for is to determine the important causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction amongst a group of employees within the frame work of the Herzberg study. This investigate is important or beneficial because 1. It will broaden managements brainwave that motivation plays a key role in the overall job satisfaction of employees. 2. It will enable managers to understand the factors and processes that are internal and external to the individual employee in an organization that have an effect in his/her behavior and performance. 3.It will likewise assist managers to devise strategies that sustain a highly prompt men so that the end result is that all stakeholders are content with the performance of the enterprise. 4. By understanding motivational issues behind employees, managers can systematically develop strategies to circulate with motivational problems. RESEARCH DESIGN As part of our data collection method, we intend using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The query design we are waiver to use will be based on the descriptive design. For a comprehensive insight into our methodology kindly see the third chapter.SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study is divided into five chapters. The offset printing chapter looks at the background of the study, objectives of the study, the enquiry hypothesis and significance of the study. Chapter two reviews existing literature in the area of the study, musical composition chapter triplet discusses the methodology applied in collecting and analyzing data. Methodology is fol confuseed by the processing and analysis of the data as well as the findings from the study. The final chapter covers conclusions, recommendation and references. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 INTRODUCTIONUnderstanding the possibility and application of motivation is important in managing human resources for organizational success. This is more critical today due to the ever changing business environment organizations find themselves or operate. The relationship between job satisfaction, motivation, and efficiency or productivity is very important in the business industry as well as in personal life. Long term research has found that the single superior predictor of longevity is work satisfaction. Work is one third to one half of a persons lifetime, and if frus trated the mental and physical effects are very costly. profession characteristics including skill variety, task identity, and task significance lead to psychological conditions in which in turn leads to increased motivation, performance and job satisfaction. It is important to investigate this area in order to determine how much of an effect does overall job satisfaction, motivation and productivity has on each other. It is also important to research the relationship between motivation and job satisfactions because it can assist businesses in designing and manufacturing an environment to maximize productivity and efficiency while keeping their employees satisfied.Finally, it is significant to study motivation and job satisfaction because it can help people better understand what job will best suit them to be motivated and satisfied while making a difference in the productivity level. As part of the research into establishing a correlation between motivation and job satisfaction, th is chapter seeks to capture the relevant literature and concepts of motivation and job satisfaction. 2. 2 MOTIVATION THEORIES The fundamental approaches to motivation are underpinned by motivation theory.The approximately influential theories are classified as content theories and process theories. Content theory It focuses on the content of motivation and the nature of needs. It states that motivation is essentially about taking action to satisfy needs, and identifies the main needs that influence behavior that is those specific things that actually motivates the individual at the work place. work out theory In process theory, the accent is on the psychological processes or forces that affect peoples perceptions of their working environment and the ways in which they interpret and understand it.According to Guest (1992a) in Armstrong M, process theory take into accounts a much more relevant approach to motivation than the theories of Maslow and Hertzberg, which, he suggests, ha ve been shown by extensive research to be wrong. Process or cognitive theory can really be more useful to managers than needs theory because it provides more realistic guidance on motivation techniques. MASLOWS NEEDS THEORY The most famous need classification was formulated by Maslow (1954) in Armstrong M, a human relationist, argued that people are motivated to satisfy five need levels.Among these are Physiological need, this talk about the basic needs of life which are need for oxygen, food, water, c potbellyhing, shelter and sex that present basic issues of survival and biological function. In organizations these needs are generally satisfied by adequate wages and work environment itself, which provides restrooms, adequate lighting, halcyon temperatures and ventilation. Safety, the need for protection against danger and the deprivation of physiological needs. Social, the need for love, affection and acceptance.A manager can help satisfy these needs by allowing fond interaction and making employees feel like part of a team or work group. Esteem needs actually comprises two different sets of needs the need for a positive self image and self respect and the need for recognition and respect from others. A manager can help address these needs by providing various foreign symbols of accomplishment the manager can provide repugn job assignments and opportunities for the employees to feel a smack of accomplishment.Self-fulfillment (self- actualization), the need to develop potentialities and skills to become what one believes he is capable of becoming. The self actualization needs are perhaps the most arduous for a manager to address. In fact, it can be argued that these needs must be met entirely from within the individual. But a manager can help by promoting a farming wherein self- actualization is possible. For instance, a manager could give employees a chance to participate in decision making about their work and opportunity to learn youthful skills.Ma slow (1954) in Armstrong M, suggests that the five needs categories constitute a pecking order. An individual is motivated first and foremost to satisfy physiological needs. As long as they bide unsatisfied, the individual is motivated solitary(prenominal) to fulfill them. When satisfaction of physiological needs is achieved, they cease to act as original motivational factors and the individual moves up with the hierarchy and become concerned with security needs. This process continues until the individual reaches the self actualization level.Maslows concept of the need hierarchy has a definite intuitive bring up and has been accepted by many managers. However, it has not been verified by empirical research and it has been criticized for its apparent rigidity. Different people may have different priorities and it is difficult to accept that peoples needs progress steadily up the hierarchy. Infact, Maslow himself expressed doubts about the validity of a strictly ordered hierarc hy. Some research for example McClelland has found that, the five levels of needs are not always present and that the order of the levels is not always the same as postulated by Maslow.In addition people from different cultures are potential to have different needs categories and hierarchies. McClelland NEEDS THEORY. McClelland(1975) in Roberts,H. k. & Hunt identifies three needs that motivates managers and agrees with Maslow(1954) that needs motives are part of the personality, which he believes are triggered off by environmental factors. He further identifies these most important needs as The need for exercise, The best known of the three, is the desire to accomplish a goal or task more effectively than in the past.People with a high need performance have the desire to assume personal responsibility, a tendency to set moderately difficult goals, a desire for specific and immediate feedback, and pre occupation with their tasks. David McClelland, the psychologist who first iden tified this need, argues that precisely about 10 percent of the US population has a high need for effect. The need for Affiliation Affiliation is a desire for human companionship and acceptance. People with strong need for affiliation are likely to prefer (and perform better in) a job that entails a lot of kind interaction and passing opportunities to make friends.The need for power The need for power is basically a concern for influencing people- to be strong and influential. They are likely to be happy in jobs that give them control over budget, people and decision making. OTHER MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES ADERFER ERG THEORY Aderfer (1972), in John M. Ivancevich describes a three level hierarchy, compared to the five levels proposed by Maslow. These include 1. Existence Needs- this category is grounded in the survival or continued existence, of the person. As such, it would include many of the issues covered by the physiological and safety needs identified by Maslow. . Relatedness N eeds- this category is based on the need for people to live and function in a social environment. It would embrace the need to be part of a group and belong to a valued organization. It incorporates many of the issues covered by the safety, belonging and esteem depict by Maslow. 3. Growth Needs- this category is grounded in the need for people to develop their potential. As such it would cover the self-actualization and much of the esteem needs described by Maslow. HERZBERGS TWO FACTOR MODELThe two-factor perplex of satisfiers and dissatisfiers was real by Herzberg et al (1957) in Armstrong M, following an investigation into the sources of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of accountants and engineers. It was assumed that people have the capacity to report accurately the conditions that made them satisfied and dissatisfied with their jobs. Accordingly, the subjects were asked to tell their interviewers about the times during which they mat up exceptionally good and exceptiona lly bad about their jobs and how long their feelings persisted.It was found that the accounts of good periods most oft concerned the content of the job, busyly achievement, recognition, advancement, autonomy and the work itself. On the other hand, accounts of bad periods most frequently concerned the context of the job. Company policy and administration, supervision, salary and working conditions more frequently appeared in these accounts than in those told about good periods. These categorized into two types of motivation as Intrinsic Motivation the self- generated factors that influence people to behave in a particular way or to move in a particular direction.These factors include responsibility (feeling that the work is important and having control over ones own resource) autonomy (freedom to act), scope to use and develop skills and abilities. Interesting and challenging work and opportunities for advancement. Extrinsic Motivation- what is done to or for people to motivate the m? This includes rewards such as increased pay, praise or promotions, punishment such as corrective action, withholding pay or criticism. Frederick Herzberg theory had close links with Maslows and believed in a two factor theory of motivation.He stressed that, genuine factors could be introduced into a business that will directly motivate an employee to work harder (Motivators) included are achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. However, other factors called (Hygiene factors) de-motivate an employee. The most common hygiene factors, or dissatisfies include company policy and administration, supervision, salary, interpersonal relationship and working condition. Hygiene factors are factors which surround the job rather than the job itself.Importantly, Herzberg viewed pay as a hygiene factor which is in direct contrast to Taylor who viewed pay and piece-rate in particular. Herzberg believed that business should motivate employees by adopting a antiauthoritarian app roach to management and by improving the nature and content of the actual job through certain methods. Some of the methods managers could use to achieve this are Job Enlargement- workers being given a greater variety of tasks to perform (not necessarily more challenging) which should make the work more evoke.Job Enrichment- the design of jobs so that they contain a greater number of motivators which involves workers being given a wider range of more complex, interesting and challenging tasks surrounding a complete unit of work. This should give a greater sense of achievement. Empowerment- means delegating more power to employees to make their own decisions over areas of their working life. For the purpose of this research, emphasis will be laid on Herzberg two-factor model.though recognition is identified as a motivator by Herzberg, Miller (200215) mentions four common incentives (money, contests and competition, recognition including praise and rewards, and disciplinary action) th ought to motivate others, but they discourage intrinsic motivation. She says the key to performance is to create an environment for intrinsic motivation, using four incentives (competency, empathy, autonomy and fulfillment). Green (2000155) captures this issue well when he says employees are motivated by what they intrinsically believe is going to happen, not by what managers promise (extrinsic) will happen.Managers can motivate employees by setting in motion the conditions required for motivation namely, confidence, trust and satisfaction and creating an environment that reinforces those conditions. Pollock (200210) recognizes three of Hertzbergs motivators as being crucial in motivating people. These are recognition, interesting work and responsibility. He says, over and above monetary rewards, what people crave is praise. They need assurance that their efforts are known, valued, and appreciated. Sometimes all it takes to satisfy this deep desire is a sincere well done, preferably delivered in front of their peers.Making peoples work interesting means driving away bore condemn because its a great de-motivator. Make their work meaningful and you will spur them to realize their own highest potential. Giving people additional responsibilities implies not only giving them extra work, but work that is important and requires a higher level of knowledge and skill. GOAL THEORY Goal theory as highly-developed by Latham and Locke (1979), states that motivation and performance are higher when individual set specific goals, when goals are difficult but accepted and when there is feedback on performance.The deduction of goal theory is that, goals set by management should be challenging enough but realistic. Participation in goal setting is important as a means of getting agreement to setting higher goals. People strive to achieve goals in order to satisfy their emotions and desires. Goals evanesce peoples response and actions and also direct work behavior and performa nce which lead to certain consequences or feedback. The feedback should be complete, accurate and timely in order to provide a means of checking progress on goal attainment 2. 3 caper SATISFACTION THEORYVIE THEORY This theory is derived from the expectancy theory of Vroom, by Porter and Lawler (1968)in Armstrong M. In addition to three basic components of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy, this model incorporates abilities and traits, role perceptions, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, and the perceived equity of the rewards. The model assumes that, for an effort to submit into a desired level of performance, the person must have the ability to perform well (abilities and traits), and he must understand the demands of his job (role clarity).The model acknowledges that people work for both extrinsic rewards, such as money and promotions, and intrinsic rewards, such as pride in ones work and a sense of accomplishment. The model assumes that the level of performance a person at tains will affect the level of rewards he perceives to be equitable. Specifically, if a person expends a great amount of effort that culminates in high performance levels, he will perceive that he deserves a substantial reward. (Dipboye, Smith, and Howell, 1994( 116-177). Job satisfaction is the met expectations or desires of a job.I t is a collective term of specific attitudes about work or job and it varies as a function of other non-work attitudes (age, health, etc. ). Genetic research suggests that 30% to 40% of job satisfaction is inherited. Job satisfaction and life satisfaction are interrelated and influence each other. A Gallup poll indicates that slightly 10% to 13% of workers are dissatisfied, while about 85% of workers are satisfied. Other surveys asking questions in a different manner suggests that more workers are dissatisfied. Job satisfaction varies with the type of occupation, for example, higher management means more satisfaction.Personal characteristics of workers also have an impact on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction increases age. Whites have greater job satisfaction than non-whites. The level of education is slightly negatively related to job satisfaction. If personal skills and abilities are not required by a job, job satisfaction decreases. When a person is wage may be the most important variable to job satisfaction. High job satisfaction is associated with low turnover and low absenteeism and with high commitment. Although the evidence is not conclusive, high job satisfaction is associated with high performance and prosocial behaviors. . 4 dealingsHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATION, JOB SATISFACTION AND MONEY The basic requirement for job satisfaction may include comparatively higher pay, an equitable payment system, real opportunities for promotion, considerate and participative management, a reasonable degree of social interaction at work, interesting and varied tasks and a high degree of autonomy control over work pace and work methods. The degree of satisfaction obtained by individuals, however, depends largely upon their own needs and expectations, and the working environment.The level of job satisfaction is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors, the quality of supervision, social relationships with the work group and the degree to which individuals succeed or fail in their work. Purcell et al(2003)in Armstrong M, believe that discretionary behavior which helps the firm to be successful is most likely to happen when employees are well motivated and feel committed to the organization and when the job gives them high levels of satisfaction. Their research found that the key factors affecting job satisfaction were opportunities, job influence, teamwork and job challenge. 2. BENEFITS OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION. * Increases Productivity Skilled and motivated people work harder and better in improving productivity. Incentive programs erect productivity in a number of ways . Employees are often motivated for reaching charges or for good work done in general. These motivations sidetrack but the main aim is to encourage employees to work towards company goals. With the promise of motivation and clearly defined targets, employees are more productive and motivated. * Reduce Absenteeism The tail line with motivation programs comes down to the very simplistic fact that people like been rewarded for hard work and a job well done.The rewards are only part of the equation. Motivation schemes show employees the company cares and appreciates the work they are doing. If an employee feels appreciated and has clear targets that result in rewards then they are more likely to wishing to come to work. * Increased Company Morale Rewards, incentives and recognition make for a happy, harmonious working environment. Goal setting and targeting objectives helps with focus and purpose . Employee motivation programs offer all of these things and are highly conducive to company morale. Increases in company morale helps reduce absenteeism and overall company cost. Public Recognition. Investor in people perspective brings public recognition for real achievements measured against a rigorous national standard. Investing in people helps to attract the best job applicant. It may also provide a reason for customers to choose specific goods and services. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter explains how data was collected for the study. It also deals with the research bills use to gather the data, the method utilise or adopted in analyzing the data and the problems encountered during the process of data collection.The chapter distinctively discusses the following * Sources of data * Research design * nation of the study * Sampling * Sampling procedures * Data collection techniques * Data analysis * Constraints The proposed methods adopted were structured towards the collection of data from immemorial and secondary sources. On the keister of the literature re view, the existing acqiutance of the theme under discussion definition, motivation, job satisfaction, motivation theories, job satisfaction theories thus its impact on employee job satisfaction drop under the following broad headings * Definitions of motivation Job satisfaction * Motivation theories * Job satisfaction theory 3. 2 Data Sources The researchers used secondary and primary data to facilitate the data build up for the research. This was done through the use of questionnaires. The secondary sources of data collection included * Textbooks of relevant importance to the research topic. * Published articles in Psychology and motivation journals 3. 3 Research Design The model used for this study was the descriptive research design.This design was chosen because it is on one of the best research designs which are deemed appropriate when a researcher attempts to describe some aspects of a population by selecting an unbiased sample distribution of individuals who are asked to co mplete questionnaire. 3. 4 Population of the study The population of the study comprised of 50 employees of SSNIT. This population provided the researchers with all inclusive views from diverse perspectives on the effect of motivation on employee job satisfaction. 3. 5 Sample Size The sample size for the study was thirty (30) employees of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT).Due to responses of simplicitys the sample size was reduced to 20. 3. 6 Sampling procedure Because the researchers wanted to select their sample from a population which is diverse based on management hierarchy, we used stratified sampling to group our sample population into a strata based on management hierarchy at SSNIT. The population was grouped according to low level management, middle level management and top level management. After stratified sampling, we then use simple random sampling to select our target group of thirty(30) from the sample population of fifty(50).The reason was to g ive everybody an equal opportunity of being chosen or captured. 3. 7 Method of data collection A combination of primary and secondary data was used to acquire information. The secondary data was collected by going directly to some of the data sources. The primary data on the other hand was collected by the use of questionnaires. All the questionnaires were designed with both open ended and closed ended questions. 3. 8 Data collection All data was collected concurrently, that is both secondary and primary data were collected simultaneously. 3. 9 Data AnalysisVarious respondents provided series of data for the making of the research report, all data collected was coded and edited to eliminate all errors and information that did not fall within the objectives. The researchers then used the information provided by respondents and analyzed the information by the use of report, using tables, charts and so on. 3. 10 Constraints In carrying out the research, the researchers encountered som e problems. Thus, the refusal of the organization to release certain important data needed for the project, especially, the historical data pertaining to human resource.The researchers could not get these data as they were deemed too confidential because of fear of competitors getting hold of them. This therefore imposed a limitation on the study. Another problem was time constraint and also inabilities to respond to the questionaires. Only twenty were responded to. Financial constraint was also a factor. CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 4. 1 institution This chapter describes the responses to a series of questions designed to examine the impact of motivation on job satisfaction.The chapter begins with the findings about motivation and its impact on job satisfaction on SSNIT. The questionnaires administered were 50 employees through stratified sampling out of which 30 was picked based on simple random sampling. 4. 2 1. LENGTH OF SERVICE AT SSNIT board 1. OPINIONS n one OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE (%) 0-1 years 4 20 2-4 years 8 40 5-10 years 5 25 Above 10 years 3 15 Total 20 100 SOURCE OF DATA (FIELD DATA) DECEMBER 2010 graphic REPRESENTATION OF TABLE 1 The respondents length of service at SSNIT were sought to determine how long they have been working there.According to the table above, 40 % of respondents be those who fall within (2-4 years). That is, they have been employees for two to four years. Those who have been employees for five to ten years made up 25% which was the next highest (5-10 years). Also, 20% represented those who fell between (0-1) years. They have only served a year at the time the questionnaires were administered. Lastly, 15% of respondents were within the above ten years group. From the above, it can be observed that the organization (SSNIT) has a young and fresh workforce which constitutes the bulk or majority of their employees. . Think of a time at work when you felt especially bad about your job, an incident or inciden ts which had a long lasting effect on you, and which led to bad feelings. Describe the circumstances, and how your work was influenced by it or them. TABLE TWO. INCIDENTS THAT CAUSED DISSATISFACTION OPINIONS NO. OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE (%) COMPANY POLICY 8 40 OTHERS 6 30 WORK ITSELF 3 15 interpersonal RELATIONS 3 15 TOTAL 20 100 SOURCE OF DATA (FIELD DATA) DECEMBER 2010 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TABLE 2. INCIDENTS THAT CAUSED DISSATISFACTION COMPANY POLICY AND institution (40%)The majority of cases (40%) in the sample mentioned this factor as a major cause of unhappiness at SSNIT. OTHERS (30%) This was mentioned as the second strongest factor that contributes to job dissatisfaction and was see by people who did not choose any of the stated factors. They responded to none of them. WORK ITSELF (15%) This contributed to job dissatisfaction in 15% of the cases and related to the content of the job. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS (15%) This also contributed to job dissatisfaction in 15% of t he cases related alongside work itself. 4. 4 4. Which of the following gives you Job Satisfaction?TABLE THREE CAUSES OF SATISFACTION OPINIONS NO. OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE (%) Work Achievement 6 30 Recognition 4 20 Work Itself 2 10 Promotion/Advancement 3 15 Salary 3 15 Others(please specify) 2 10 Total 20 100 SOURCE OF DATA (FIELD DATA) DECEMBER 2010 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TABLE 3. Regarding the issue of which motivating factor gave them job satisfaction, 30% of respondents felt work achievement gave them satisfaction according to the table. This means they value a sense of achievement for the accomplishment of some milestone set by the individual himself or supervisor.Also, 20% of respondents felt recognition was what gave them satisfaction. They felt issues like recognition for job well done, good idea, appreciation, positive feedback and simply a tap on the back to acknowledge them was most important to them. Those who chose the work itself constituted 10% as can be seen from the table above. The design of the work and the demands is enough to keep them satisfied. Advancement and salary equally had 15%. Some based their satisfaction on increments in salaries whiles others taught promotion or advancement was their main satisfiers.They all recorded 15% each as can be seen from the table. Lastly, others represented 10% and they simply did not agree with the above motivation factors or had a different set of opinion. Bateman (2004) views motivation as forces that energize, direct and sustain a persons effort. He says that all behaviors except involuntary reflexes like eye blinks (which usually have little to do with management) are motivated. A highly motivated employee will work hard towards achieving performance goals. With adequate ability and understanding of the job, such an employee will be highly productive.An aspect of the definition implies that people have certain beliefs about which behaviors or actions will help them satisfy their needs. This bel ief may or may not be accurate but they help guide behavior. From the table above, you find out that if the organization (SSNIT) wants to know whether their employees are satisfied or not then they must pursue the motivating factor of work itself. That is they have to continually design the work and its demand to suit employees. 5. which of the following gives you job dissatisfaction TABLE FOUR CAUSES OF JOB DISSATISFACTIONOPINIONS NO. OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE neglect of Recognition 9 45 Company Policy 3 15 Low Salary 5 25 Technical Supervision - - Work Itself 3 15 Others(please specify if any) - - Total 20 100 SOURCE OF DATA (FIELD DATA) DECEMBER 2010 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TABLE 4 Respondents were also asked which of the above in table five gave them job dissatisfaction. In other words which of the above make them not fell satisfied about their work. Lack of recognition was the most important demotivator that caused dissatisfaction constituting 45% of respondents.They feel th e contributions they make towards organizational accomplishment is not appreciated. They are not congratulated for good work done in the midst of their colleagues or their ideas accepted and appreciated. This was followed by 25% of respondents who felt low salary was a dissatisfier. Company policy and work itself represented 15% equally. The views were taken from a entire of 20 respondents. From the above, it can be clearly seen that lack of recognition was the strongest dissatisfier. According to Herzberg (1959) this falls under extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is what is done to or for people to motivate them.This includes rewards, punishment and recognition or praise. In this case the failure of management of SSNIT to recognize their contribution is a dissatisfier. CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 5. 0 Introduction Motivation is a major issue in every organization. Any organization that fails to motivate its employees usually faces the severe consequence of low morale. Motivation plays a significant role in the attainment of competitive reinforcement and job satisfaction in every organization. Findings from the analyzed data were related to the objectives of the research in this chapter.It concluded with a general summary, findings, summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation providing suggestions on how motivation is a tool to achieve job satisfaction in SSNIT. 5. 1 SUMMARY The findings from the empirical research have indicated that 30% of the respondents ranked work achievement as number one motivator for job satisfaction from a list of five factors. This contrasts with what earlier researchers adduced that total compensation and emotions were the real motivators. The reason for this could be mainly due to the fact that workers have a desire to accomplish a goal or task.People with a high need achievement have desire to assume personal responsibility, a tendency to set moderately difficult goals, a desire for specific and immediate fee dback, and pre occupation with their tasks. There is the need for a motivation model that considers work achievement as a motivator to achieve job satisfaction. On the other hand, 45% of the respondents ranked lack of recognition as number one de-motivator for job dissatisfaction from a list of five. Workers want to be recognized and their contribution and ideas appreciated and also praised for a job well done.If this is absent, then it could pose significant consequences to job satisfaction. prudence should ensure that workers contributions are recognized and appreciated so that they do not feel disheartened. 5. 2 CONCLUSION The conclusions are based on the gaps in the motivation theory, the assumptions on motivation and the motivation framework. The theories reviewed in this study have not eluded criticism. Indeed none of the theories were developed in Africa. Before they are acted upon therefore their relevancy should be evaluated and integrated into the local organizational cir cumstances.Managers (supervisors) often assume that it is difficult to motivate people and that motivated workers perform better contributing to achieve organizational goals. This study has indicated that (work achievement) is a fundamental ingredient in the motivation recipe. The question of whether work achievement should be number one motivator to achieve job satisfaction has remained complex. Jobs that provide a sense of achievement and recognition may be satisfying to some individuals, as the survey results have indicated, because there is a sense of achievement when they accomplish goals set by themselves or management. However others may ot find it satisfying as compared to salary or company policy. incite workers is critical to the organizations success but it is an enigmatic concept. This study has not provided specific answers given the complexity and the multi-facetted nature of motivation. Instead job satisfaction guidelines have been developed and murky areas highlight ed to trigger an innovative approach towards managing job satisfaction and motivation issues. 5. 3 RECOMMENDATIONS The points discussed indicates that debates on whether or not work achievement is a motivator are not yet resolved. Infact this study will instead set the debate in motion.In the discussion work achievement was the number one satisfier contributing 30%. For work achievement to ensure job satisfaction, certain conditions must be met According to Frederick Hertzberg, business should motivate employees by adopting a democratic approach to management and by improving the nature and content of the actual job through certain methods. Some of the methods managers could use to achieve this are Job Enrichment-the design of jobs so that they contain a greater number of motivators which involves workers being given a wider range of more complex, interesting and challenging tasks surrounding a complete unit of work.This should give a greater sense of work achievement. The statistic s of the responses given by the employees makes it significantly clear that motivation goes beyond work achievement to achieve job satisfaction. Many put significant premium on the work itself, recognition, advancement, salary, company policy among other needs. Managers must therefore make sure efforts to understand the needs of employees at any point in time and meet them appropriately and not only rely on work achievement as the sole tool for job satisfaction.If the above conditions are fulfilled, then, work achievement can be used as a motivational tool for achieving job satisfaction and even competitive advantage. However, as already noted above some conditions are difficult to fulfill. On the otherhand,45% of respondents chose lack of recognition as the factor that gave them job dissatisfaction or dissatisfier. Dissatisfiers essentially describe the environment and serve primarily to prevent job dissatisfaction. This means that the workers at SSNIT feel their work is not appre ciated or recognized.Workers want to be recognized whether a note or praise, for example a manager saying good idea, well done and was in the form of appreciation, positive feedback, positive compliments and admiration. The management of SSNIT should ensure that the contributions made by employees is recognized and appreciated and it will go a long way to achieve job satisfaction and competitive advantage. Skilled and motivated workforce can be a source of competitive advantage in todays ever dynamic and turbulent business environment. 5. 4 TO FUTURE RESEARCHERSThe findings in this research revealed a significant tradeoff between work achievement and other factors regarding those factors that gave them satisfaction. We recommend that subsequent research on this topic critically examines the rate of this tradeoff between work achievement and the other factors. And perhaps researchers may dare to exclude work achievement from the factors in subsequent studies in order to fairly examin e the strengths of other factors against each other to achieve job satisfaction among employees.

Digital Fortress Chapter 32

David Becker stood in the hallway come to the foreside suite 301. He knew that somewhere behind the ornately carved door was the ring. A matter of national security.Becker could hear movement inside the room. Faint talking. He knocked. A boneheaded German accent called out.Ja?Becker remained silent.Ja?The door opened a crack, and a rotund Germanic face gazed down at him.Becker smiled politely. He did not know the mans name. Deutscher, ja? he asked. German, practiced?The man nodded, uncertain.Becker continued in perfect German. May I speak to you a moment?The man looked uneasy. Was willst du? What do you want?Becker realized he should mystify rehearsed this before brazenly knocking on a strangers door. He searched for the rectify words. You oblige something I penury.These were app atomic number 18ntly not the business words. The Germans eyes narrowed.Ein ring, Becker said. Du hast einen Ring. You have a ring.Go away, the German growled. He started to close the door. Without th inking, Becker slid his foot into the crack and jammed the door open. He immediately regretted the action.The Germans eyes went wide. Was tust du? he demanded. What are you doing?Becker knew he was in over his head. He glanced nervously up and down the hall. Hed already been thrown out of the clinic he had no intention of going two for two.Nimm deinen Fu? weg the German bellowed. take in your footBecker scanned the mans pudgy fingers for a ring. Nothing. Im so close, he thought. Ein Ring Becker repeated as the door slammed shut.David Becker stood a long moment in the well-furnished hallway. A rejoinder of a Salvador Dali hung nearby. Fitting. Becker groaned. Surrealism. Im trapped in an absurd dream. Hed woken up that morning in his own eff nevertheless had somehow ended up in Spain recess into a strangers hotel room on a quest for some magical ring.Strathmores stern voice pulled him back to reality You must find that ring.Becker took a deep breath and blocked out the words. He wanted to go home. He looked back to the door marked 301. His ticket home was fairish on the other(a) side-a gold ring. All he had to do was get it.He exhaled purposefully. Then he strode back to suite 301 and knocked loudly on the door. It was time to play hardball.The German yanked open the door and was about to protest, but Becker cut him off. He flashed his Maryland squash club ID and barked, Polizei Then Becker pushed his way into the room and threw on the lights.Wheeling, the German squinted in shock. Was machst-Silence Becker switched to English. Do you have a prostitute in this room? Becker peered around the room. It was as plush as any hotel room hed ever seen. Roses, champagne, a huge canopy bed. Rocio was nowhere to be seen. The bathroom door was closed.Prostituiert? The German glanced uneasily at the closed bathroom door. He was larger than Becker had imagined. His hairy titty began right under his triple chin and sloped outward to his colossal gut. The drawstring of his white terry-cloth Alfonso XIII bathrobe barely reached around his waist.Becker stared up at the gargantuan with his most intimidating look. What is your name?A look of panic rippled across the Germans corpulent face. Was willst du? What do you want?I am with the tourist dealing branch of the Spanish Guardia here in Seville. Do you have a prostitute in this room?The German glanced nervously at the bathroom door. He hesitated. Ja, he finally admitted.Do you know this is illegal in Spain?Nein, the German lied. I did not know. Ill send her home right now.Im afraid its too recent for that, Becker said with authority. He strolled casually into the room. I have a proposition for you.Ein Vorschlag? The German gasped. A proposition?Yes. I can take you to headquarters right now Becker paused dramatically and cracked his knuckles.Or what? the German asked, his eyes widening in fear.Or we make a deal.What kind of deal? The German had comprehend stories about the corruption in the Spanis h Guardia Civil.You have something I want, Becker said.Yes, of course the German effused, forcing a smile. He went immediately to the wal allow on his dresser. How oft?Becker let his jaw drop in mock indignation. Are you trying to bribe an officer of the law? he bellowed.No Of course not I just thought The obese man quickly set down his wallet. I I He was totally flustered. He collapsed on the corner of the bed and wrung his hands. The bed groaned under his weight. Im sorry.Becker pulled a rose from the vase in the center of the room and casually smelled it before letting it fall to the floor. He spun suddenly. What can you tell me about the execute?The German went white. Mord? Murder?Yes. The Asian man this morning? In the park? It was an assassination-Ermordung. Becker loved the German word for assassination. Ermordung. It was so chilling.Ermordung? He he was?Yes.But but thats impossible, the German choked. I was there. He had a heart attack. I saw it. No blood. No bullets.Becke r shook his head condescendingly. Things are not always as they seem.The German went whiter still.Becker gave an inward smile. The lie had served its purpose. The poor German was sweating profusely.Wh-wh-at do you want? he stammered. I know nothing.Becker began pacing. The murdered man was wearing a gold ring. I need it.I-I dont have it.Becker sighed patronizingly and motioned to the bathroom door. And Rocio? Dewdrop?The man went from white to purple. You know Dewdrop? He wiped the sweat from his fleshy forehead and drenched his terry-cloth sleeve. He was about to speak when the bathroom door swung open.Both men looked up.Rocio Eva Granada stood in the doorway. A vision. Long flowing red hair, perfect Iberian skin, deep-brown eyes, a spunky smooth forehead. She wore a white terry-cloth robe that matched the Germans. The tie was drawn snugly over her wide hips, and the neck fell loosely open to reveal her tanned cleavage. She stepped into the bedroom, the picture of confidence.May I help you? she asked in throaty English.Becker gazed across the room at the stunning woman before him and did not blink. I need the ring, he said coldly.Who are you? she demanded.Becker switched to Spanish with a dead-on Andalusian accent. Guardia Civil.She laughed. Impossible, she replied in Spanish.Becker felt a knot rise in his throat. Rocio was clearly a little tougher than her client. Impossible? he repeated, keeping his cool. Shall I take you downtown to prove it?Rocio smirked. I will not embarrass you by accepting your offer. Now, who are you?Becker stuck to his story. I am with the Seville Guardia.Rocio stepped menacingly toward him. I know every police officer on the force. They are my best clients.Becker felt her stare cutting right through him. He regrouped. I am with a special tourist task force. Give me the ring, or Ill have to take you down to the precinct and-And what? she demanded, raising her eyebrows in mock anticipation.Becker fell silent. He was in over his head. The plan was backfiring. Why isnt she buying this?Rocio came closer. I dont know who you are or what you want, but if you dont get out of this suite right now, I will call hotel security, and the real Guardia will arrest you for impersonating a police officer.Becker knew that Strathmore could have him out of jail in quintuple minutes, but it had been made very clear to him that this matter was supposed to be handled discreetly. Getting arrested was not part of the plan.Rocio had stopped a few feet in bet of Becker and was glaring at him.Okay. Becker sighed, accentuating the defeat in his voice. He let his Spanish accent slip. I am not with the Seville police. A U.S. government organization send me to locate the ring. Thats all I can reveal. Ive been authorized to pay you for it.There was a long silence.Rocio let his statement hang in the air a moment before parting her lips in a sly smile. Now that wasnt so hard, was it? She sat down on a chair and crossed her legs. How much can you pay?Becker muffled his sigh of relief. He wasted no time getting down to business. I can pay you 750,000 pesetas. Five guanine American dollars. It was half what he had on him but probably ten times what the ring was actually worth.Rocio raised her eyebrows. Thats a lot of money.Yes it is. Do we have a deal?Rocio shook her head. I wish I could say yes.A million pesetas? Becker blurted. Its all I have.My, my. She smiled. You Americans dont bargain very well. You wouldnt last a day in our markets.Cash, right now, Becker said, reaching for the envelope in his jacket. I just want to go home.Rocio shook her head. I cant.Becker bristled angrily. Why not?I no longer have the ring, she said apologetically. Ive already sold it.

The Creation of Writing

Mr.. Orwell uses symbolism in his oblige as a lead holder for tying In other thing In the book, which would be irony and relevancy. Mr.. Orwell deals with the Idea of truth. On page 81 of 1984, it states, Stones are hard, water is wet, objects unsupported fall toward the earths center.. Freedom is the freedom to record that two plus two make four. Orwell explains that truth exists especially when it Is right in front of you. In the article, Truth and freedom In Rowels 1984, David Dawn, the author, says ..Truth is the direction our statements correspond with the world. This rightfully Justifies why truth in Rowels book is so important. Truth is one of the reasons why Winston tries to stay sane throughout the book. Orwell also symbolizes objects In the way they are portrayed. One of the other characters, Julia, was a symbol of being a rebel with a cause, and gluing you more than what meets the eye. On page 31 of 1984, it says Thought Police could all be swept into nothingness b y a single splendid movement of the arm. That too was a gesture belonging to the ancient time.This really gives you the proof that Cilias odd Is precious and meaner something to Winston In the article, Dissent, Assent, and the body of Nineteen-eighty four, Naomi Jacobs writes the importance of Cilias body.. It states, To imagine the removal of clothing, and the revelation of the vague body as having such political power This tells you that Orwell does a tremendous Job with focusing on one object and having It mean multiple things. Orwell Is an excellent writer because he uses symbolism as a focus point for his book in telling this story. Orwell also stresses the importance of relevancy our modern world.

Azerbaijan Place of Interest

Azerbaijan place of interest Azerbaijan is unmatched of the ancient countries in the world. accounting of country plays main rule in culture. History of Azerbaijan start form 3rd 5th ascorbic acid till now. Our country has glorious history. For this point this glorious reflected in our culture. This culture includes monuments, folklore, literature and so on. In the 21st , new oil and gas boom helped to improve tourism in Azerbaijan. So brass has been spending money for restores this historic building. And this factor affect to our budget.Each year many tourist come to our country. Caravansarai diachronic monument was built by Sheki Khan. This place was built as resting place for caravans that passed Silk Road through Azerbaijan. Cravansarai was one of the biggest stopover in Caucasus in these years. There are also other interesting and historical places in Sheki. For example Khansari, Juma Masjidi, Silk factory. Gelersen-Gorersen castle is famous their historical accident. Khan sarai is popular their special infrastructure in the world.Another interesting places in regions include Nizamis mausoleum, Shah Abbas Mosque, Old Prison & Lighthouse, Mosque of Sheik Yusuf and so on. Baku is not scarce capital but also cultural centre of Azerbaijan. Baku is city which is the mix of modern and historical places. Maiden tower is one of the most dominant architecture. It is one of the worlds largest Zoroastrian temples . Tower had surrounded Caspian ocean many years ago. Atashkag Fire Temple is situated at Surakhani near Baku. This museum was originally the private lobby of one of Bakus most famous and oil-millionaires,H. Z. Taghiyev

The Bombmaker

This was the part of the job that he hated, planting the break wad every thing could go wrong. He checked his watch, 1020, good he thought the train wasnt due for 20 minutes. He was putting the juicy hold-all with the bomb in inside the tunnel. It was set to go in ten minutes. When he put it floor he ran jeopardize to the auto, his orders were to plant the bomb and make sure it went off with knocked out(p) a hitch. The bomb was meant to disrupt only not to kill or maim. He looked to the tunnel and to his horror he motto three school children active to pickup the bag and set off the bomb. He jumped out of his car and ran to the tunnel as fast as he could shouting DONT TOUCH THAT BAG.It was too late.That was five eld agoAndrea has always blamed her self for the accident.After that she left the IRA. They begged her not to leave, special branch begged her not to leave, but she was adamant she didnt want to make bombs any more.Present dayIt was 1030 in Tokyo. Michael was on his way to Tokyo tower for a meeting with the triads. He decided that if he invariably got out of this one alive he would go completely legit.When he got there he was patted down to make sure he was not wearing a wire. He was clean.Well Michael we direct a favour said one of the triads we demand a building to be destroyed for the insurance we ensure you know someone to do it.(Michael is ex-IRA)Yea I KNEW some one but I live on to lost contact with them replied MichaelAll you have to do is give us the address and we will get congest in contact with them said other triad. Here is a picture of the building to be destroyedIt was an office block built in the 70s. The building looked as if it was going to fall on its own.Meanwhile 10,000 miles away in Southeast London Andrea Hayes was putting her 7-year-old daughter surface-to-air missile to bed.Its about time she went to bed, shes got school in the morningYea whats on TV tonightJust a wild life docu manpowertaryOk eyepatch they were talking they didnt hear people braking in the back door walking up the stairs to their daughters means.One of them stumblesQuiet the woman whispered all we need to do is grab the kid and get outSo they crept c arefully to the room picked the girl up and got out of the house without Andy or trap hearing them.Andy woke up the next morning and went to get Sam up for school.When she got to her room she found a mobile with a post-it note on with her code signalise from the IRA and a predict number on.She left Jack in bed and went out back to call the number.WHAT HAVE YOU DONE WITH MY DAUGHTER? shouted AndreaCalm down Andy your daughter will be fine as long as you do as we say.Ok said Andrea calmer than before what do you want me to do.What followed were some instructions to go to London and wait on Baker Street for a brown ford transit.Just before she left for London she left a note for cocksucker telling him to contact Frank Carter of special branch and tell him they have got Bria nWhen she got to London she rented a hotel room to stay in till the pickup.Because the hotel was a short walk to Baker Street she was only postponement for 30 seconds before she bundled in to a van.Who are youjust as she was knocked unconsciousAbout 3 hours laterWwwhere am I asked Andrea groggilyYou are in a house. replied voicewhwho are you asked AndreaYou can call me Lisa replied the Lisa and what you will doing is building a 2000 pound fertiliser bombWHAT exclaimed Andrea YOU WANT ME TO DO WHATyes we know it sounds a bit big, but we think you can pull it offIll need help, and materials do I get them enquired Andreaof course you do, just write up a shopping disputation and ill send these two to get it all Lisa said pointing to two big strong men called wrestler and boxer.So she set to work putting together the bombWhile this was happening three hundred miles away at homeJack was just waking up seeing the he jumped out of bed and ran downstairs to see if Sam had gone to school w hen he saw the note. It said Jack call special branch and ask for Frank Carter and say theyve got Brian.Who was Brian what did she have to do with special branch.While all this was running through his head one big question was where is Andy and where is Sam.He instantly grabbed the phone and called the police to get through to special branch.Frank Carter does not work for special branch any more, said the operator.Well then could you call him and say theyve got Brian(A clicking sound)What do you know about Brian? said another voiceNothing my wife left me a note to say that to Frank Carter.Stay there we will come and get youOkMeanwhile Andrea was nearing completion of the bombHow is it going asked Lisa

The Way Home: A Film Review

The acquire entitled The Way Home is a Korean film released in 2002 directed by Lee Jung-hyang and written by Lee Jung-hyang. It was produced by smash Woo-hyun and Whang Jae-woo and was released on November 15, 2002 by overriding Classics. The film revolves on the story of a young boy and his grannie who struggles to fight the differences between them. It is a great film that deals with gerontology and how the aging process affects the lives of every individualistic.In the film, Sang-woos niggle needs to snuff it him under the c atomic number 18 of his sure-enough(a) grand fuss because she needs to find a joke for them to survive. However, Sang-woos nanna is deaf and mute which makes the situation hard for him. Living with his grandmother is really against his w tubercular because for Sang-woo, a guardian interchangeable his grandmother who has speaking and hearing disabilities is like living in hell. He cannot film the fact round his grandmothers situation and badly call s her a retard.Frustration and depression consume him because he was wedded to the city way of life. Living in the country side is far different from his previous hearthstone where electricity and technology are part of everyday life. He ignores all his grandmothers efforts for him and continues playing with his toys that he brought on with him.On the other hand, his grandmother patiently does everything for his bratty grandson. She persistently cooks meals for him, washes his clothes, and gives the best that she can to for him. Unfortunately, Sang-woo returns her kindness with rejection of the traditional meals that she serves and prefers Kentucky heat up Chicken, Spam and cola over her meals. There was a scene in the movie where he take his grandmothers ornamental pin to buy batteries for his video game.He was expecting to receive the wrath and punishment of his grandmother, but when he arrived home, he saw his worried grandmother who was waiting for him to come back from fin ding batteries. Nonetheless, he got her hairpin for nothing as it did not provide him with any batteries since the rural village did not have the right size batteries for his toy. more scenes in the film show how ruthless Sang-woo is to his grandmother.His misbehavior comes to an end when his poor grandmother gets sick which makes him interpret his mistakes. Suddenly, he is not the selfish brat he was. He assumes the responsibility of taking care of his ill grandmother. His grandmothers efforts and unconditional love for him pays off when she makes his grandson feel the true meaning of home. He received love and fondness from a woman who cannot speak and hear but can show him the true meaning of life.When his mother returns to fetch him and bring him back to the city, the love and kindness of Sang-woos grandmother make it hard for Sang-woo to leave her. Still, he needs to come with his mother so he taught his grandmother how to write for them to keep in touch. The Way Home is a h eartwarming film that best describes sacrificial and unconditional love from an individual who is in her later life.The study of gerontology involves the observation of people as they grow old and mother changes physically, psychologically, and socially. This film is suitable for a gerontology class because it gives students the chance to view what it is like to be old and how relationship of the old with the younger generation is affected. There are many changes during late adulthood, just like the case of Sang-woos grandmother in the film. It does not only describe what an older adult experiences but it in like manner shows how a person should deal with these changes.What I like most about the film is the scene where Sang-woos grandmother got sick. This is because I was able to understand how hard it is to get old and how much care and attention are needed when a person gets old and sick. The Way Home is a film that encompasses many discoveries about every individuals life sacri fices, changes and love.ReferenceThe Way Home (2008). The Way Home Website. Retrieved, March 7, 2008 fromhttp//web.archive.org/web/20040417071111/www.paramountclassics.com/wayhome/ story.htmlWhang, W.H., Whang, J.W. (Producer) Lee, J.H. (Director). (2002). The Way Home. MotionPicture Korea Paramount Classics.

Lavender.The Side Effects of Using Lavender Essay

lilac-coloredIntroductionTherapeutic consumption For quite a long time, lilac has been use as an antiseptic and for mental health purposes. In the recent world, lilac-colored is used as a traditional medication for ailments like anxiety, insomnia,restlessness, headache,depression, upset stomach, tomentum cerebriloss among many others defects within the body of the human beings. In most cases, Lavender is always used as anaromatherapy. This is a condition in which the scent of the requirement oil from the flower is inhaled. Apart from inhaling the essential oil, it can also be diluted with another oil then it is applied to the skin. The dried lavender flowers are at times used to prepare tea. Theliquid extracts can then be taken with themouth (Blumenthal, Goldberg & Brinckman, 2000).The Side Effects of Using Lavender The use of the diluted lavender oil or only if using lavender as an aromatherapy is in most cases considered safe for most adults. The disadvantage of this howev er is that applying lavender oil to the skin can at times cause irritation. Some reports have also been enter that use of lavender can also cause the boys to develop breasts. Lavender oil is poisonous when taken through the mouth.When the tea made from its extracts are taken by mouth, they can cause headache, constipation as well aschanges in appetite Using lavender as a sedative medicine whitethorn lead to increase indrowsiness.Scientific Evidence That Show Efficacy for Any of the Therapeutic Uses in that location is very little scientific proof to show lavenders effectiveness in tackling health related issues.Several studies done on lavender for anxiety show different results that cannot be relied upon. Preliminary results of the national shows thatlavender oil when mixed with oils from other herbs, may help reduce hair loss. This condition is known asAlopeciaareata(Henly, Lipson & Korach, 2007).ReferencesHenley D.V, Lipson N, Korach K.S (2007). immature gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils.New England Journal of Medicine.356(5), 479485.Lavender. (2009). Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Retrieved from http www.naturaldatabase.comLavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Miller. (2009). Natural Standard Database. Retrieved from http//www.naturalstandard.com.Blumenthal M, Goldberg A. & Brinckman J. (2000). Lavender flower. InHerbal Medicine Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Source document