Marketing Norway Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Norway - Research Paper Example In Norway, the political system is structured in such a manner that it respects the freedom of expression of its citizens and the right of each citizen to enjoy civil liberty and human rights. Judicial, legislative, and executive setups of the country work in their own jurisdictions so that the authority of these three core elements of the state does not collide at any point in time. Norway’s government is considered as an important contributor towards global politics, and its suggestion and recommendations are a part of international charters pertaining to peace, consumer rights, civil laws, criminal enquiries and etc. (Ebsco, 2009). Norway is also an important ally of NATO and the reputation of the country in international peacekeeping missions is inevitable. Keeping the reputation of Norwegian government in the international and national politics, it can be asserted that the government structure of the country is reliable and not considered as being an economy friendly setu p which does not impose unnecessary legislation on the restriction of business activities in the country (Ebsco, 2011). A potential market for ARIO in Norway would be could be those areas, which have a high concentration of youth population and tourists. Basically, main shopping areas or centers in the main cities of Norway can be considered as its targeted areas. In these areas, higher population of youth would mean that ARIO’s outlet should be located near a university, college, dorm or a hostel. Moreover, theme parks and tourist destinations also receive a large number of youth tourists and travellers. Keeping this in view, the major cities of Norway where universities and other educational institutions are located are suitable for the company. These cities include Alesund, Bergen, Drammen, Oslo, Alta, Hamar, Levangar and Trondheim (DataMonitor, 2011). Oslo is the capital of Norway and the biggest tourist destination in the country. In addition, a majority of Norwegian

Increasing rate of HIV (see attachment) Assignment

Increasing rate of HIV (see attachment) - Assignment Example The venue chosen was considered to be private enough to offer a good chance for idea exchange amongst the youths. The place is also centrally situated and in an open area which would mean ease of access by those willing to attend. The area has limited traffic jam; this would reduce time wasted on the way to the venue on the material day. The designed flier will be distributed in schools, video dens, and local youth groups in the area, local social and recreational centers. These areas are considered to be major catchment areas of the target group. The main information which will be collected from the focus group discussion will be the number of youths who have undergone the medical male circumcision. It will also be an opportunity to find out whether the target group is aware of the benefits of this surgical procedure (Taylor, 2010). If they would wish to go for the procedure after the discussion, for those who will not be at that time circumcised, they will then be offered the service free of charge. As for the already circumcised, sharing their experience with the uncircumcised with the motive of encouraging them to go for it will be of great value. Those who shall attend the focus group discussion will have the opportunity of receiving free STI screening and treatment in case one if found to be suffering from any of the infections. There shall also be free refreshments for those in attendance. Few individuals will be chosen from the group to be the area ambassadors for the

Biryani cuisine

Biryani cuisine Biryani is an extremely varied componnent of Pakistani cuisine, which enjoys substantial popularity among the populace.   It has many types in the world, quite a few of which are being consumed in Pakistan. While searching on the net I came across an interesting fact which stated that historians claim, in Punjab earlier Nawabs used to wear matching turbans according to the biryani they ate. Nizams kitchen boasted 49 types of biryanis   with aberrant constituents such as hare, quail and deer. However, today the generality tends to stick to chicken lamb and beef. Awadi Biryani of Lucknow is considered to   a benchmark of many types of biryanis and is considered to be an imprint of Mughal Empire on eastern India. The Sindhi   variant of biryani most popular in Karachi and Lahore finds its roots in awadi biryani. However, it has been varied slightly to match local tastes by augmenting elements of Bombay biryani and Calcutta biryani (by adding potatoes).PIA serves this version of biryani on its international flights to preputuate the feel of Pakistani cuisines. Another type offered in the Punjab and northern areas is referred to as vegetable biryani which comes with many virtues attached. It is usually offered with sour yogurt that serves to cool off the stomach ulcers. This type finds its footing in the tehari biryani popular in Indian homes. Further, we have the memoni   biryani which is highly popular amongst the batwa memons in specific and karachities In particular. The ingrediants used to make this particular type include lamb, potatoes and onions. However, unlike its Sindhi counterpart it uses less tomatoes and artificial food colorations. Anarkali biryani is quite popular in Punjab and is served at grand feasts. It is usually made out of boneless chicken and is garnished with green cardamoms cashew nuts pistachios and chilghozas. Another unique type consumed with relish by many Pakistanis is dumpukht. It is believed to be influenced by hyderabadi and Awadi biryanis, yet maintains a distinct method and taste. Artificial flavourings are highly disapproved. Marinated meat, herbs and spicies are placed in a sealed clay pot and allowed to cook in its own steam and juices. allowing herbs and spices to fully infuse the meat or rice, preserving the nutritional elements at the same time. In the best biryanis, grains of rice are well-cooked yet do not stick to one another. Fish and prawn versions of biryani are now being adopted in many higher middle class households in Pakistan. Besides adding a tocuh of elegance to the otherwise ‘desi dish, the   variation is considered to be highly nutricious. This form of biryani traces it s roots to the Ranipet Biryani and the Dindigul Curry Biryani   of kerala. An interesting form which is now gaining popularity is the masoor biryani which combines masoor pulse with rice in order to create a low chelestrol highly nutrious receipe. ‘Kashmiris use asafoetida in Biryani, which is unique, and all the ingredients are marinated overnight. Bhatkali biryani are popular in the west nd parts in balochistan. It has Irani influence and has come through spice route. Other types were: (Kofta, egg, peshawari, shahjehani, goosht dum, madarassi) But I couldnt find much about them other than their receipes, which changed slightly with the names, the basic procedure remaining the same :S http://hubpages.com/hub/What-Is-Biryani http://www.scribd.com/doc/20523299/Biryani%E2%80%A6by-Jerson-Fernandes http://www.shantanughosh.com/2007/08/biryani-stories.html

The Little Big Man in Great Expectations :: Free Great Expectations Essays

The Little Big Man in Great Expectations Many people grow small trying to grow big. This idea appears prominently throughout the novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. This critical lens means that as a person tries to better them self, that have to be careful to be true to their values or they will become what they despise. This is a story about a boy who falls in love with a girl from a higher class. It seems as if these two could never really be together. Yet by some turn of events he gets a chance to rise to her status but there are many complications. In the beginning Pip, the main character, is happy and very content with his life. He is kind, caring, polite, generous, and companionate. Then everything changes when he meets Estella. She makes Pip miserable. She taunts and belittles him by making fun of his appearance and calling him "common." All the while, she is leading him on to make him suffer even more. Despite all this Pip, obsesses over Estella. It disturbs him the most to think that he and Estella could never be together as partners. For the first time he is dissatisfied with his life. After a year, Pip leaves to become a blacksmith, at the forge. To make matters worse, Estella leaves town for London so that she can learn to be a lady. With this separation always on his mind, Pip tries to go back to living his normal life; but he can't get the idea out of his head that he is a simpleton and that he is going to lead an insignificant life. Years later through some strange twist of fate, Pip becomes endowed with "great expectations" and is given an opportunity to go to London. Since Pip wanted to win Estella, he decides to make himself a gentleman. He thinks that this choice will make him important or big but that is far from the truth. Pip leaves his home and family where he once was taught about hard work, trust, truth, and love. He realizes later that the things he had learned discredit his idea that being a gentleman makes him more significant.

Cultural Pathways Through Universal Development

This article examines the independent self vs. interdependent self theories of development. It also presents three theoretical approaches to culture and development: ecocultural; sociohistorical; and, cultural values. Main Ideas: * Culture is a socially interactive process of construction, comprising two main components: shared activity (cultural practices) and shared meaning (cultural interpretation). The Cultural Values Approach – Culturally relevant developmental goals are represented in the form of implicit ethnotheories of development, i. e. , a system of beliefs and ideas concerning the nature of the ideal child and the socialization practices necessary to achieve this ideal. * The Ecocultural Approach, sees the child’s behavioral development and the acquisition of culture as resulting from the interaction between human biological potentialities and environmental conditions. In short, the ecocultural approach emphasizes development as an adaptation to different environmental conditions and constraints. * The Sociohistoric Approach emphasizes processes of social construction, particularly cultural apprenticeship, cultural activities or practices, the use of cultural artifacts, including tools, and the historical dimension of these processes. The primary focus of this approach has been on explaining the child’s cognitive development. Criticisms: * One common criticism of these cultural paradigms is that the approach is too simplistic and reductionistic; the dichotomous binary quality of individualism and collectivism is seen as problematical. * Another criticism of the framework involves the notion that independent and interdependent concerns coexist in the same culture * The core theoretical approach to relationship formation is attachment theory. Attachment theory stresses the evolutionary basis of attachment relationships as a phylogenetically evolved adaptive system with a core of standard assumptions that are supposed to constitute universals of ontogenetic development. Basically, it assumes that maternal sensitivity, defined as the prompt, adequate and consistent reaction towards infants’ cues, is causally linked to attachment security and that this constitutes the normative and healthy developmental pattern across cultures.

Care Ethics Essay

Did you ever stop and think long and hard about what type of person you are? Whether you put your needs before the needs of others, or if you care for others more than you care for yourself. The word â€Å"care† can mean many things. The ethics of care is a normative ethical theory about what makes actions right or wrong. It implies that there is moral significance in the elements of relationships and dependencies in human life. Care ethics normally seeks to maintain relationships by promoting the well-being of each other. The word â€Å"care† involves meeting the needs of not only our self, but others as well. It is inspired by memories of being cared for and the idealizations of self. Since â€Å"care† depends upon the contextual considerations, it is difficult to define. There have been at least three distinct but overlapping meanings that have emerged in the recent decades. It can be known as â€Å"an ethic defined in opposition to justice, a kind of labor, and a particular relationship. † In ethical literature, ‘care’ is most often defined as â€Å"a practice, value, disposition, or virtue, and is frequently portrayed as an overlapping set of concepts. One of the most popular definitions of care is â€Å"a species of activity that includes everything we do to maintain, contain, and repair our ‘world’ so that we can live in it as well as possible. That world includes our bodies, us, and our environment†. Care ethics was first most explicitly articulated by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings in the early 1980s. Gilligan, a graduate student at Harvard, wrote her paper outlining a different path of moral development than the one described by Lawrence Kohlberg, her mentor. Gilligan believed that her mentor Kohlberg’s model of moral development to be gender biased. She posed a different view and found that both men and women articulated the voice of care at different times, but pointed out that without women, the voice of care would nearly fall out of their studies. Later, Gilligan resisted readings of her work that suggests care ethics as relating to gender more than theme, and even established the harmony of care and justice ethics, but never fully abandoned her thesis of an association between women and relational ethics. Nel Nodding’s published Caring, in 1984. Caring developed the idea of care as a feminine ethic, and applied it to the practice of moral education. Nodding’s understood caring relationships to be basic to human existence and consciousness. She identified two parties in a caring relationship—â€Å"one-caring† and the â€Å"cared-for. † She stated that both parties have some form of obligation to care and meet the other morally, but not in the same manner. Nodding’s located the origin of ethical action in two motives. One is the human affective response that is a natural caring sentiment. The second is the memory of being cared-for that gives rise to an ideal self. She also identified two stages of caring, â€Å"caring-for† and â€Å"caring-about†. There were a number of criticisms that have been launched against care ethics. Some of the critiques include: slave morality, and that care ethics is empirically flawed. Care ethics as a slave morality is one of the first objections. The philosopher Frederick Nietzsche came up with the concepts of slave morality. Nietzsche believed that oppressed people tend to develop moral theories that confirm traits as virtues. This interprets the voice of care as emerging from traditions characterized by severely enforced sexual divisions of labor. Issues against caring practices are warned because women perform the work of care for their own economic and political disadvantage. This objection further implies that the voice of care may not be an authentic or empowering expression, but a product of false consciousness. Another critique is that care ethics is empirically flawed. People started to question the accuracy of Gilligan’s studies. She has been criticized that her conclusions are too narrow and that her studies were performed on an overly homogeneous groups. Critics argued that wider samples would be more accurate and yield more diverse results. Since care ethics has an association with women, it is often seen as a feminine ethic. Care ethics, feminine ethics, and feminist ethics are frequently seen as synonymous. However, not all feminine and feminist ethics are care ethics. The connection between care ethics and femininity has been subject to challenge. The idea that there may be a feminine approach to ethics can be traced far back into history. Assumptions of feminine ethics are that women are similar enough to share a common perspective, and that characteristically feminine traits include compassion, empathy, nurturance, and kindness. There is also the chance that it could be acknowledged that women are diverse, and that some men exhibit equally strong tendencies to care. It has been proven that many women, in actuality and in myth, do not display care. There are other factors known to correlate with care thinking such as: social identity, ethnicity, and class. But nonetheless, care is assumed to be a feminine trait. All in all, care ethics has a vigorous set of definitions and it can be understood in many different ways. It really can make you think of what is right or what is wrong on a daily basis. After learning about care ethics, it really makes me wonder about the ideal concept of it and what it means to me as an individual. Taking a look at the critiques of it, and whether or not you believe the critics or the philosophers who articulated it.

3 Types of Faulty In-Line Lists

3 Types of Faulty In-Line Lists 3 Types of Faulty In-Line Lists 3 Types of Faulty In-Line Lists By Mark Nichol This post includes three examples of how sentences can go wrong because the writer has failed to support the sentence structure with the proper syntactical arrangement of words and phrases in relation to each other. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and one or more revisions demonstrate solutions. 1. The training materials should be communicated in a way  that is clear, appropriate for the users, and highlights  the key benefits of the change. This type of sentence is flawed in that the writer mistakenly assumes that a verb serves more than one list item, and therefore leaves one or more items bereft of support. Here, â€Å"appropriate for the users† requires its own verb (â€Å"is appropriate for the users†) to complement â€Å"is clear,† and the phrase beginning with highlights must be attached by a conjunction to, rather than separated with a comma from, the sentence element with which it shares a verb (with the insertion of a corresponding preposition for the first element and a complementary pronoun for the final one): â€Å"The training materials should be communicated in a way  that is clear to and appropriate for the users and that highlights  the key benefits of the change.† 2. Operational risk incidents can result in significant losses to the company, the industry, and, ultimately, to investors. This sentence has an error similar to that of the previous example, but in this case, a preposition, rather than a verb, is expected to handle a syntactical burden it is not qualified to carry- â€Å"the industry,† just like â€Å"the company† and investors, must have its own preposition: â€Å"Operational risk incidents can result in significant losses to the company, to the industry, and, ultimately, to investors.† (Alternatively, all three elements can share the first instance of the preposition: â€Å"Operational risk incidents can result in significant losses to the company, the industry, and, ultimately, investors.†) 3. Traditional financial institutions have significantly enhanced their risk and compliance programs by increasing resources, clarifying roles and responsibilities, upgrading their governance frameworks, as well as maintaining higher levels of capital. Here, a list is treated as if it consists of four items, but as constructed, the sentence has three items followed by a related item set off by the phrase â€Å"as well as†; because the last item is not part of the list, the item that does finish the list must be preceded by a conjunction: â€Å"Traditional financial institutions have significantly enhanced their risk and compliance programs by increasing resources, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and upgrading their governance frameworks, as well as maintaining higher levels of capital.† Better yet, simply incorporate the final phrase, for which distinctive treatment has no justification, into the list: â€Å"Traditional financial institutions have significantly enhanced their risk and compliance programs by increasing resources, clarifying roles and responsibilities, upgrading their governance frameworks, and maintaining higher levels of capital.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words3 Cases of Complicated Hyphenation20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

Why Our Campuses Are Safer Without Concealed Handguns Essays

Why Our Campuses Are Safer Without Concealed Handguns Essays Why Our Campuses Are Safer Without Concealed Handguns Paper Why Our Campuses Are Safer Without Concealed Handguns Paper Rhetorical Analysis on article Why Our Campuses Are Safer Without Concealed Handguns BY wa00750 Rhetorical Analysis Paper In the essay we read, entitled Why Our Campuses Are Safer Without Concealed Handguns, we see the author use five main points, as well as using appeals to Ethos Logos and Pathos to help reinforce his view on the topic. The five main reasons that the author feels that college campuses are safer without concealed handguns are introduced to us in the opening of the article, listed as bullet points. The author then goes on to break the article into these separate sections to allow him to go more in epithet and explain his position. In this way, he appeals to the readers sense of Ethos throughout the entire article by convincing us that he knows what he is taking about. However, the author does not stop here. The author uses an appeal to Ethos a couple more times throughout the article, one of the most obvious is in the section where he makes the point that concealed carry permit holders are not always law-abiding citizens. The author continues in this section to write about how easy it is for certain people to obtain firearms and concealed carry licenses, even though they should not be allowed to legally. The author blames this problem on a series of systems that are in place, that are nowhere near enough, putting the blame being on communication, or lack-there-of, between states and the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICE). The author then uses examples of how state governments often simply do not submit pertinent records to databases such as NICE. This can result in convicted felons and mentally ill persons having the ability to purchase a firearm or receive a concealed carry permit, which we have seen can lead to very bad results. In the same way that the author uses Ethos throughout the article, he also appeals tryingly to the readers sense of Logos, or logic. The main reason for this is because he must back up his strong opinions with logic and statistics to support what he is writing. This is shown easily in the opening, when the author provides statistics on homicide rates for college campuses versus the rest of the nation, and shows them to be drastically different. This same technique is used later in the article to emphasize the fact that many college students use mind altering substances such as drugs and alcohol; and that adding firearms, concealed or not, would add a new variable to Seibel suicides and intra-student violence. In addition to all of these statistics, the author also uses reason to make the point that college classrooms are places where you should be able to speak freely and without fear of possible retaliation. The author feels that if students do not know who may or may not have a concealed weapon on them, they may be less likely to speak their mind and learn all that they can. Last but not least, the author also makes an abundant use of appeals to the readers Pathos, appealing to the reader in a way that reaches them in a personal raw the reader in, as well as to open them up to the information that the rest of the article provides and leave the reader thinking about it. He begins the article by mentioning some of the more infamous college campus shootings, such as those that occurred at Virginia Tech and Northern Illinois University, and then proceeds to make his case against concealed firearms on college campuses. This viewpoint is prominently displayed in the third section of the article, in which the author writes about how students who go on these shooting rampages set out knowing they will ii, and plan only on taking as many people with them as possible. The author goes on to say that students and faculty that may be carrying a concealed weapon would not deter these individuals, but may actually become a target, in hopes that they will return fire, possibly killing more innocent people. In addition to this theory, the author writes that with more people running around with guns, police would have a much more difficult time figuring out who was the actual threat, and eliminating it. In this article, the author is against having students be allowed to carry concealed firearms. I do not think that this is a good position to take in this situation. I feel that responsible gun owners, who have passed proper safety courses, and who meet all of the requirements needed to obtain both firearm and license, should be able to carry their firearm where they feel it is warranted. The author states that concealed handguns would distract from a healthy learning environment. However, I do not think that this would be the case. I think that despite the presence of a gun on campus or in class, things would go about as usual. I do not feel as though people would be threatened into not speaking their mind, and I finitely do not think that the possession of a firearm or any possible weapon automatically makes an individual more violent. I have known many people who carry knives with them any time it is appropriate, and they do not strike fear into everyone in the room. They dont stab people Just because they are in a position where they have what could be a weapon. No, they have learned over time how to carefully handle a knife, and I feel perfectly comfortable being around them. I feel that the same is true with firearms, concealed or not. Although I do not agree with many of he statements the author makes, I do feel that he makes a good point that in order to obtain a concealed carry permit, you should be screened more thoroughly, and you should have to have some sort of nationally regulated test in which you must qualify with the weapon you wish to carry. I feel that there should be a coordinated effort to make sure that the NICE database is updated regularly. In relation to the section of the article where the author says that school shooters would not be deterred by concealed carry holders, I do not think that this matters. If someone sets their mind o coming to a college campus and shooting anyone in sight, then they are going to do it, whether or not I am able to protect myself. Possibly, instead of simply not allowing it, schools could implement a program where all firearms on campus, for concealed carry or not, would have to be registered thorough thee school. This would allow the school to know which student has which guns. Throughout the year security would be able to collaborate with the student and teacher gun owners including having them qualify with their firearms on a regular basis, and incorporating them onto any plans to counteract violence on campus. I think if colleges were able to or end a confrontation that could have more fatal consequences. With proper training from security or police personnel, I think students and teachers would be able to help keep campuses safer, while being able to observe their right to bear arms. I do not know for sure that college campuses would be safer if students and teachers were allowed to carry concealed handguns, but I know that proper measures could be taken to make the gun owners more responsible, as well as to make campus a safer place.

Constance Weavers 12 Principles for Teaching Grammar

Constance Weaver's 12 Principles for Teaching Grammar For many years, when middle and high school English teachers would ask me to recommend a good book for teaching grammar, Id direct them to Constance Weavers Teaching Grammar in Context (Heinemann, 1996). Based on sound research and extensive road testing, Weavers book views grammar as a positive activity for making meaning, not just an exercise in tracking down ​errors or labeling parts of speech. But Ive stopped recommending Teaching Grammar in Context, though its still in print. Now I encourage teachers to pick up a copy of Weavers more recent book, Grammar to Enrich and Enhance Writing (Heinemann, 2008). Assisted by her colleague Jonathan Bush, Dr. Weaver does more than simply rework the concepts introduced in her earlier study. She delivers on her promise to offer a text thats more comprehensive, more reader-friendly, and more concretely focused on teachers practical needs. The fastest way to help you decide whether youd get along with Dr. Weaver, theoretically speaking, is to reprint her 12 principles for teaching grammar to enrich and enhance writingprinciples that underlie all the varied activities in her book. Teaching grammar divorced from writing doesnt strengthen writing and therefore wastes time.Few grammatical terms are actually needed to discuss writing.Sophisticated grammar is fostered in literacy-rich and language-rich environments.Grammar instruction for writing should build upon students developmental readiness.Grammar options are best expanded through reading and in conjunction with writing.Grammar conventions taught in isolation seldom transfer to writing.Marking corrections on students papers does little good.Grammar conventions are applied most readily when taught in conjunction with editing.Instruction in conventional editing is important for all students but must honor their home language or dialect.Progress may involve new kinds of errors as students try to apply new writing skills.Grammar instruction should be included during various phases of writing.More research is needed on effective ways of teaching grammar to strengthen writing. To learn more about Constance Weavers Grammar to Enrich and Enhance Writing (and to read a sample chapter), visit the Heinemann website.

Aesthetic and political issues raised by large surveys of womens work Essay

Aesthetic and political issues raised by large surveys of womens work - Essay Example Nature and culture has influenced women to diversify artistic works (Art & Australia, 2008). Women involvement in these changes borrows from the view life experiences and the motives for outstanding results are the central pillars that govern the actions of women. It is difficult to outline the political issues raised without looking at the social issues connected to women art. Participation of women in different professions has increased tremendously due to increased working opportunities. Women are also involved in the formulation and implementation of various reforms in the health sector and the provision of affordable care for children. This has raised different demands that women thrive to meet. The main demand by women is access to various professional fields as well as the demand for equal pay. This represents the ways in which women are approaching different aspects of their social life, professions and their private lives. The early participation of women in arts has a cultu ral impact on the modern societies. This change in culture manifests itself clearly by looking at the shift of women working in early sculptures to the present day visual arts. ‘Contemporary Australia: Women’ exhibition presents a good avenue for modern artists to discuss various issues related to art. Artists use the mass media to reveal different selections of women in the recent years. It has created visual arts, which is a new branch of arts. Women have influenced the cinema world showing how their involvement in art has changed the nature of contemporary art. Feminist art has brought about discussions and dialogues among different artists. It is also worth to note that... Many challenges have faced women artists including difficulties in trading, marketing and developing their skills in art. Gender biases and societal stereotypes are the main cause of these challenges and difficulties. Their endurance to these challenges and difficulties has changed the field of arts in the world. Australia represents the countries that recognize the contributions of different women artists to modern art. This revolution of women artists began during the time of the feminist movement that fought for the rights of women in arts. ‘Contemporary Australia: Women’ is an exhibition that helps in measuring and recognizing how women artists diversified and continue to diversify the field of arts. The exhibition contains different artistic works, which include paintings, films, sculptures, photography works and other forms of arts. The exhibition also comprises of works by young artists, how they develop their work out of a good understanding of identity as women artists. It explains the current position of women in the contemporary world by considering the views and opinions of different women artists in the world.

Kenya Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kenya Airways - Assignment Example The airline was initially owned by the Government of Kenya until the year 1995, and it was privatized in 1996 and since then it has become the first African flag carrier in successfully doing so. Today Kenya Airways is a public-private partnership. In this regard, the shareholding of this partnership is as follows Government of Kenya (29.8%), followed by KLM, which has a 26.73% stake in the company. The rest is held by private owners. (Kenya airways.ac.ke) Â  Being first flag carrier in Kenya its stocks are traded in different exchange markets this includes Nairobi Stock exchange, the Dar-es-salaam Stock Exchange, and the Uganda Stock exchange. Kenya Airways has become widely considered as one of the leading Sub-Saharan operators and became a full member of sky team in June 2010 and a member of African Airlines Association since 1977 and it has had quite a tremendous growth with 4,834 employees as per June 2012. Â  The airline has been using web sale service and this has shown some tremendous growth of USD 28.6 million in ticket sales compared to USD 24.2 million in the previous year showing a growth rate of 17.9%, with total revenue of USD 95.2 billion which is an increase of 26.3% above prior year. Â  The management of Kenya Airways has given a report that the profitability of the company has been affected by some factors this includes high fuel prices, the euro crisis and a generally weak economy in the West. Despite this, the management has announced a high turnover of USD 107.9 billion which represent a 26% increase on prior year turnover of USD 85.8 billion, profit after tax realized was USD 1.66 billion compared to the prior year of USD 3.5 billion. Â  

Review a concert about jazz performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review a concert about jazz performance - Essay Example Interestingly, even though most true jazz musicians seek to distance themselves from the understanding the jazz is ultimately a form of dance music, society’s perception of jazz continues to be concentric upon the belief that jazz is ultimately an early form of modern dance music. Some various jazz songs could be said to incorporate this element where the musicians thought it would be healthier to do something different instead of the ordinary music production. Likewise, for purposes of this performance review, the author will focus upon the following pieces and analyze how they were played and how this author reacted to the music: Andy Page’s â€Å"Up-End Adam† and â€Å"Jazzin’ in Jazz Town†, Brian Heater’s â€Å"Imagination†, and Mitch Rivet’s â€Å"Dancing with Pinkie†. The first two pieces to be discussed, those composed by Andy Page was magnificent in that the audience instantly engaged with the content. The trumpet was the lead instrument in this performance, which appeared to guide the artists. It carried the melody of every tune. This was an interesting dynamic to note due to the fact that regardless of the musical genre that one seeks to discuss, ultimately a single instrument or a group of instruments will seek to differentiate themselves from the others as a means of providing a firm and solid lead. Oftentimes within classical music this is realized within the lead violin or other instrument. Similarly, within rock ‘n roll this is oftentimes realized with regards to the lead guitar. Invariably, jazz exhibits the same constraints and allows different instruments to perform the lead even within the same song; thereby helping to set jazz apart from the other forms of music that a previously been listed by way of the fact that it is able to integrate and incorporate a number of instruments within any given piece that all can serve as the lead instrument. The second song, also of Andy P age was not about the sharp nines, flat fives, substitutes’ chord or metric subdivisions. The feeling, message and honesty the artists gave the crowd was just phenomenal. What gave the performance an intellectual aspect was the emotional ends. A person could feel connected to the artist and his message. The mental aspect of the song was that, in the middle, it gave someone a funky feeling through the solos, which included drums beats, as well as the saxophones, being played unaccompanied. It was within this very performance that the impacts of jazz upon modern music could be seen. Although the saxophone is not necessarily seen as a contemporary instrument within popular music, the means by which the saxophone solo was utilized to invoke strong melodic realizations and a differentiation from the remainder of the piece was munch it can to the way that modern singers perform a capello segments within their own songs. Though jazz oftentimes incorporates a vocalist, the utilizatio n of the saxophone is almost indistinguishable from the way that a vocalist might operate within a jazz band. The trumpet, in this performance, was the loudest, cutting instrument, above all others. The instruments guided other soloists in carrying out their performances. It was like the "alpha" instrument. The fourth piece which will herein be discussed is that of Brian Heater’

The French Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The French Revolution - Research Paper Example There has been, however, a lack of consensus about what led to the French revolution exactly. In same context, different historians have come with different theories that explain what really caused the revolution. Gorges Lefebvre, for an instance used his Marxist interpretation to explain the cause of the revolution. For him, the French revolution was rooted in the bourgeoisie rise (Burbeck 18-19). Another Marxist writer, Albert Mathiez, was of the notion that the French revolution stemmed from class conflict (Duvall 13-14). Majority of historians and students of the French revolution hold the notion that this insurrection was a bourgeois revolution, fueled by class conflict. For a long time, inequality reined supreme in France. In ancient French, the clergy and nobles led privileged lives. They were, for instance, exempt from paying tax on their incomes. â€Å"The taxes were mainly paid by the Third Estate.† 1 Third Estates consisted of artisans, peasants, professionals and m erchants. Political and economic inequalities also existed in France. Furthermore, despite the Third Estates paying their dues to the king and nobles, they were still required to pay dues to the church. Paying the dues to the church was seen as pointless obligation because people were coming to terms with the age of reason. The writers and poets of this time also played a critical role in sparking thought and dissatisfaction among the French people (Burbeck 18-19). Before the revolution, France was teetering on the edge of bankruptcy. This bankruptcy was caused partly by the wars of Louis XIV and by the royal family spendthrift indulgence and that of his predecessors. Even the so, the 250 million dollars that America was lent to fight for their independence also contributed to the bankruptcy. France in 1789 in presumption was a supreme monarch, a progressively more disliked form of government at the time. In reality, the King’s ability to assume on his supreme powers was edge d by the equally disliked power and rights of the nobility and the clergy, the surviving scions of feudalism. The massive and growing population of French middle class, and a section of the nobles and working class, had embraced the ideology of equality and liberty of the majority of people. Similarly, philosophers and intellectuals like Voltaire, Turgot, and Didero influenced this type ideology. Little, however, is attributed to the theorists of Enlightenment. Additionally, the French had been influenced by the American Revolution, which portrayed that it was possible to implement Enlightenment ethics about the organization of the government. The French revolutionalists ganged up against the less democratic government (Orlando 121). Taxes rates in France were relatively high. Taxation was based on a mechanism that targeted internal tariffs that Balkanized some regions of France. This regional separation led to a slow economic growth. For instance, taxes like gabelle were taxed on f armers, whereupon the private collectors signed contracts for the collection of taxes. This mechanism led to unfair collection of taxes. Similarly, royal taxes were collected as mandatory labor. Furthermore, this method also exempted the clergy and nobles from paying taxes on their pay perquisites. The weight of the tax burden was placed on the shoulders of merchants, peasants, and business classes. These classes of people were denied government positions, causing insurrection (Tocqueville 111). For a century, the French monarch operated without

Three Years of the Korean War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Three Years of the Korean War - Essay Example It was the early days of the Cold War and the attentions of the Soviet Union and U.S.A. was more focused on the European theatre than on the Koreas in Far East Asia. Yet, Korea and the Korean War would turn out to be the first theatre to demonstrate the extent to which the grand alliance of Russia with the other Allied powers during the Second World War had fallen apart in the fight by the remnants of the Allied combination against communism inspired by the Soviet Union. At the end of the war there were no territorial gains or prestige for either side, except a rise in the esteem of the newly emerged communist China.1 The Korean War would not have been extended, causing more casualties and suffering, but for the unnecessary invasion of North Korea by the UN Forces led by America. The Course of the War The North Korean invasion of South Korea began on June 25th 1950 and the unprepared army of South Korea could not offer strong resistance, and North Korean troops quickly reached the Se oul the capital of South Korea. American reaction was swift. President Truman in keeping with the American policy of containment of any expansion of communism feared that the fall of South Korea would create a breach in this containment policy and rushed support to the beleaguered South Koreans. In addition, support from the United Nations was obtained, so that more nations could come to the aid of South Korea. Though the immediate result of the America intervention did not go well, the famous Inchon operation by the commander of the American force General MacArthur led to the defeat of the North Korean forces in South Korea. They retreated into North Korea. In spite of disapproval of the Truman administration General MacArthur decided to enter North Korea and inflict a total defeat of North Korea, even if it meant risking war with China. This was the fateful decision that brought China into the Korean War, extending its duration and increasing the number of casualties during the co urse of the war. 2 There is clear evidence to show that had General MacArthur not send American led UN troops into North Korea, China would have kept away from intervening in support of the defeated troops of the North Korea. The Korean War hardly invoked any interest in China. The leaders in China were more concerned with Formosa and the Nationalist forces present there. This clearly indicates that the North Korean provocative action was a decision of their own, for their interests. China woke up to reaction only when there was the threat of American led UN forces invading North Korea, bringing an unwelcome presence of these troops on its borders. Even then it issued enough warnings against such an invasion. The lack of Chinese willingness to become an active participant in the Korean War can be seen by their conveyed willingness of remaining inactive, if the invasion was carried out only by South Korean troops, and would respond only if the invasion force included elements of othe r nations. Unfortunately, buoyed by the success at Inchon, the wrong belief that China would continue not to respond, and false confidence in the might of the American led allied forces, the invasion of North Korea was led by the elements of the American forces that reached the banks of the Yalu River, forcing China to respond to this threat. But for this decision of misadventure, hindsight clearly shows that China would not have entered the Korean War that led to an extension of the war, its intensity, and

Globalizing the Central Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalizing the Central Asia - Essay Example As the American war efforts in Afghanistan comes to its end, the central Asia has started fading away from the public eyes, but the central Asian region remains a key area of the globe. The region is still not yet settled, as it is the neighborhood of both the South Asia and the eastern Asia. The region also borders Russia in the southern part. The region is being done justice by Peyrouse and Laruelle through the belief and a clear survey on how they can keep along with the outside powers (Laruelle, 27). While considering ways in which the central Asia consider themselves after going through a rough time in terms of relationship with the outside powers that surrounds them. While considering the challenges of globalization that faces the global nations that have an interest in the central Asian states. The countries that are interested in the central Asia stakes secured the states from the current recap of the great game in the nineteenth century that is between the United Kingdom and Russia. Rather than this, they give light to the little games, which are more complicated. A number of actors play the â€Å"little games† from different parts of the globes such as the American, Chinese, India, Iran, the European Union, the Russian, and the states of the Arabs that are found in the Middle East.

Three Years of the Korean War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Three Years of the Korean War - Essay Example It was the early days of the Cold War and the attentions of the Soviet Union and U.S.A. was more focused on the European theatre than on the Koreas in Far East Asia. Yet, Korea and the Korean War would turn out to be the first theatre to demonstrate the extent to which the grand alliance of Russia with the other Allied powers during the Second World War had fallen apart in the fight by the remnants of the Allied combination against communism inspired by the Soviet Union. At the end of the war there were no territorial gains or prestige for either side, except a rise in the esteem of the newly emerged communist China.1 The Korean War would not have been extended, causing more casualties and suffering, but for the unnecessary invasion of North Korea by the UN Forces led by America. The Course of the War The North Korean invasion of South Korea began on June 25th 1950 and the unprepared army of South Korea could not offer strong resistance, and North Korean troops quickly reached the Se oul the capital of South Korea. American reaction was swift. President Truman in keeping with the American policy of containment of any expansion of communism feared that the fall of South Korea would create a breach in this containment policy and rushed support to the beleaguered South Koreans. In addition, support from the United Nations was obtained, so that more nations could come to the aid of South Korea. Though the immediate result of the America intervention did not go well, the famous Inchon operation by the commander of the American force General MacArthur led to the defeat of the North Korean forces in South Korea. They retreated into North Korea. In spite of disapproval of the Truman administration General MacArthur decided to enter North Korea and inflict a total defeat of North Korea, even if it meant risking war with China. This was the fateful decision that brought China into the Korean War, extending its duration and increasing the number of casualties during the co urse of the war. 2 There is clear evidence to show that had General MacArthur not send American led UN troops into North Korea, China would have kept away from intervening in support of the defeated troops of the North Korea. The Korean War hardly invoked any interest in China. The leaders in China were more concerned with Formosa and the Nationalist forces present there. This clearly indicates that the North Korean provocative action was a decision of their own, for their interests. China woke up to reaction only when there was the threat of American led UN forces invading North Korea, bringing an unwelcome presence of these troops on its borders. Even then it issued enough warnings against such an invasion. The lack of Chinese willingness to become an active participant in the Korean War can be seen by their conveyed willingness of remaining inactive, if the invasion was carried out only by South Korean troops, and would respond only if the invasion force included elements of othe r nations. Unfortunately, buoyed by the success at Inchon, the wrong belief that China would continue not to respond, and false confidence in the might of the American led allied forces, the invasion of North Korea was led by the elements of the American forces that reached the banks of the Yalu River, forcing China to respond to this threat. But for this decision of misadventure, hindsight clearly shows that China would not have entered the Korean War that led to an extension of the war, its intensity, and

Essays of Pochury Festival Essay Example for Free

Essays of Pochury Festival Essay The attack was undertaken by the Eastern Command’s 1st Brigade under the command of Major General Zuheto, along with the then 4th battalion of Pochury Region under the command of Lt. Colonel Thorpa. The monsoon was at its height during the time and all major rivers like Tizu, Lanye and Thethsii were in full spate. The attack was launched after destroying all the six bridges on all the rivers. This was done to stop reinforcement from reaching the besieged army post. As the attack continued into the thirteenth day, ammunitions on both sides were running short and on several occasions the Indian Air Force plane tried to drop relief material and ammunitions but were prevented by the Naga Army. At the same time the Indian Air Force jet fighters strafed the attacker’s positions. An Indian transport plane (Dakota) trying to drop relief materials and ammunitions to the besieged post was shot down by the Naga Army on the 14th day of the siege and crash landed at Zathsii, a paddy field of Meluri village. The Naga Army captured all the 9 (nine) airmen including Flt. Lt. A. S. Singh. This led to a heavy army operation in Pochury area by the Indian Army, who was on a mission to search and rescue the captured airmen, none of whom were ever tortured but were later set free through the Red Cross. In the process of the army operations to rescue the airmen many villages were burnt down and untold atrocities and tortures were inflicted upon the villagers. On September 1, 1960, 6 (six) villagers from Phor village were tortured to death. Their names are Lt. Turachu, Village Chief, Lt. Yutsuchu, Pastor, Lt. Chupuchu DB, Lt. Yituchu GB, Lt. Turuchu GB, Lt. Mughazu GB. Again on September 3, 1960 another 3 (three) villagers from Yisi village were beaten to death namely Lt. Mazu GB, Lt. Throchu, Lt. Mazu RP. Two villagers Lt. Yichuhu and Lt. Nyupuchu. from Mokie village were also beaten to death. In Laruri village, Lt. Lingsang was buried alive after severe beating. Lt. Nyukhrusuh and Lt. Rhorupa of Meluri village were beaten severely and after which, their heads were chopped-off. Two villages, namely Tsikuzo and Kuluopfu, were abandoned due to tortures and humiliations meted out by the Indian army. On 6th September 1960, the Punjab Regiment posted at Kangjang village reached Matikhrii village around 10 am. The entire village was encircled in three rings and all the villagers were ordered to gather in one place. Men folk were separated from women and children. All the men were made to keep jumping and do sit-ups, for more than 5 hours in the scorching sun, naked. Any signs of tiredness were met with kicks and hits with rifle butts. Then just before sunset, Indian army not satisfied with the punishment meted out to the villagers, rounded them up inside the Village chief’s house and were forced to sit heads down like a lamb being lead to its slaughter. Lt. Thah, the then Village chief, knowing what was in store for them bravely volunteered to sacrifice. He stood bravely for the Naga cause even to his last breath and said â€Å"It’s a man’s pride. No surrender, no compromise for our birth right. This sacrifice is to protect our freedom. I shall gladly lay down my life for the Naga future generation. † Then an Indian army jawan, holding a blunt dao(hatchet) chopped off the head of Lt. Pogholo who was first in the line. Witnessing the brutality and horror in front of their eyes and knowing that all of them were going to be killed, one of the villagers managed to escape the execution forcefully. Then one after another heads rolled down separated from the bodies, and in the event a total of nine lives were lost. Their names are Lt. Thah, Lt. Pogholo, Lt. Mezitso, Lt. Pongoi, Lt. Eyetshu, Lt. Zasituo, Lt. Thitu, Lt. Kekhwezu, Lt. Kezukhwelo. The Indian army did not even allow the loved ones to perform last rites and rituals for the dead. All the dead bodies were dumped inside the village chief’s house and were burnt down to ashes along with the other houses and granaries. The women and children who had fled to the jungle to evade the horror and torture of Indian Army came back the next morning to find the whole village burnt down to ashes. Lt. Thitu who narrowly escaped from the execution was found by his wife Mrs. Rhiitariih with three cuts on the neck, stomach slashed and intestines thrown out. He quoted â€Å"Love, tell my beloved children the sacrifice I have borne for them and I am waiting to die in your lap with a cup of water† and after drinking, he breathed his last. Another victim Lt. Zasituo, traveling Pastor, was also found almost dead with multiple injuries on his chest and neck. Not long after, he died. Then the horrified women and children with no means simply covered the dead bodies with mud and left for the jungles fearing the Indian army might turn up any time. For days together, the survivors wandered in the deep jungle without proper food and shelter. The wild berries and fruits of the jungle were their only food and means of survival. The only comfort and encouragement they could give to each other was the knowledge of glorious sacrifices made by their men folk. The wild animals and birds of the jungle were their only companions, besides themselves. In extreme conditions of hardships and difficulty, many more precious lives were lost. The Naga Army then came to their rescue. They were given food, shelter and protection. Even today, the nightmares and tragedy of the incident still remain fresh in the mind of the survivors. In this long dispersion and exodus, the survivors entered Burma and stayed with the Naga Army in their camp at Sathi where Gavin Young of London Observer met them in the later part of 1961. In his book â€Å"Indo-Naga War†, page 29-30, he wrote that when he met the survivors, there were only a pathetic thirty people.

Preventing and Reducing Youth Crime and Violence

Preventing and Reducing Youth Crime and Violence The assay aggregation accepted assorted approaches to adolescence violence. We tend to accepted assorted theories in sociology, psychology, human development, and accessible health, and frameworks for the way professionals and agents in those fields access adolescence abandon as a drag. These frameworks advise the goals and methods in every fields programming and acknowledgment to adolescence violence (Dahlberg, 1998). As an example, if the basis relies during a bent abettor model, again programs would possibly specialize in rehabilitation or penalization of youth. If the framework sees adolescence abandon as unhealthiness, like about health, again means would possibly actualize education, treatment, and bar. The Adolescence Abandon Systems Project has called the amusing ecological approach as our basal framework for this Adolescence Abandon Systems Project Model (Dahlberg, 1998). Bars, clubs and more broad nightlife facts or conditions (that surround someone) are a significant part of the time the scenes of evil violence between young people. Such youth harshness is often related to the use of alcohol; alcohol is a key risk changeable for both misused people and guilty parties of youth unpleasantness yet in like manner an important bit of nightlife (community of people/all good people in the world) in different countries (Dahlberg, 1998). Youth wildness in nightlife can have destroying hits/effects on the quality of young people more than that puts huge inconveniences on more far reaching (community of people/all good people in the world) (Dahlberg, 1998). The Violence Prevention Friendly partnership Working Group on Youth Violence and alcohol has set up to allow children to come receive guidance all over the world and intelligence around the world on prevention of liquor and other related youth violence in the gangs settings. The amount of the issue; the danger basics for exploited people and offenders; the effects; and avoidance ration (Dahlberg, 1998). The reason for this Request for Applications is to give power to creative research for youth violence action, treatment, management (bus, car, train, etc.) and upkeep of conduct change. This RFA requests exploratory/formative research applications investigating the interpretation of thoughts from extremely important behavioral and social science into novel mediations for children and youth showing or at danger for strong (and scary) conduct(Mercy, Butchart,, Farrington,2002). This three-year gift system looks for applications from very interested agents to lead lucky, creative, formative, or methodological behavioral exploring things, pilot tasks, or possibility thinks about that backing (full of imagination), novel youth roughness helping (another person) research (Mercy,Butchart,, Farrington,2002).These studies may include/combine procedure test/evaluation and model testing, procedure (moving ahead or up) and acceptance, and steering of a mediation before big and wide scale testing (Mercy,Butchart,, Farrington,2002).The target is to sway basic starting improvement to give a (reason for doing or saying something) to extremely important future youth evil violence mediation research. Examiners who wish to (change to make better/change to fit new conditions) new ways of doing things or procedures created in different fields to study exploratory roads in youth roughness helping (another person) exploring things are strongly encouraged to apply. Also/and supported are group efforts between agents of danger (numbers that change/things that change) for youth evil violence and behavioral (action that helps a bad situation) lists from related fields (Mercy, Butchart, Farrington, 2002). This RFA is not planned for huge scale efforts/tries, nor to backing or add to/addition going forward examination. Rather agents are strongly encouraged to investigate the practicality of a clever examination question or way(s) of doing things which is based on information picked up from investigations of danger, cause (of a disease) and extremely important behavioral forms, and to create an exploring things (reason for doing or saying something) for a resulting application through other NIH programs (Mercy, Butchart, Farrington,2002).Toward the end of every projects authority grant period, an aggressive reestablishment application that pieces of fruit the discoveries of these aids to a full scale helping (another person) study may be submitted for companion audit and rivalry for backing through the normal award projects of the taking an interest offices (Mercy,Butchart,, Farrington,2002). A mixture of ways of doing things have been tried to reduce animal-like conduct among children. The most normal helping (another person) s look to change peoples abilities, personality/desire and convictions (Flannery, 1999). These sorts of projects are almost always done in school settings also are meant to help children and young people oversee annoyance, resolution fight/disagreement, and create the very important social abilities to take care of issues (Flannery, 1999). An alternate basic set of action ways of doing things tending to youth roughness concentrates on right on time helping (another person) with children and families (Flannery,1999). Such projects give folks data about tyke improvement and show them how to do enough to train, screen and control kids, and also how to oversee family fight/disagreement and improve back-and-forth writing Flannery, 1999). Guardian and family-based helping (another person) s are among the most guaranteeing methods for delivering long haul reductions of value in youth animal-like violence (Flannery, 1999). Different ways of doing things concentrate on group settings furthermore a percentage of the more easily seen (related to social pressure, how people act toward each other, etc.) elements identified with youth (violent, animal-like behavior). They run from open data fights and group policing to improving settings, for example, schools and clinics (Flannery, 1999). Also/and included are (related to managing and running a company or organization), legal, and (teaches things) changes and other arrangement changes meant to help (reduce) the hits/effects of quick social change and tackle weapon evil violence among teens. Almost all these ways of doing things, however, have not been tested/evaluated (Flannery, 1999). The standards of social difficulty educated guess, created in investigations of city-based neighborhoods, can be connected to simple groups. In the nonmetropolitan districts that made up the study test, for every capita rates of teen capture for strong (and scary) offenses were (almost completely) and reliably connected with private insecurity, (related to a group of people with the same race, culture, religion, etc.) mixed qualities, and family interruption (Zimring, 2000). In view of the quality and consistency of the discoveries, family disturbance, specifically, gives off an impression of being a discriminating part of social disruption in nonmetropolitan groups. The discoveries are steady over the located of evil and violent offenses. Many specialists limit/hold down their investigations to a couple of offenses that they attempt to be most dependably recorded, for example, (murder without intent to kill) and crime (where things are stolen from inside a building) (Zimring, 2000). In fact, there can be little doubt that law approval officers have less skill (when dealing with people) about whether to make captures for these offenses or that hurt/blamed people and observers are more likely to experience/likely to get report them. In any case, the connections of group qualities to the rate of basic attacks are about unable to be separated to those for the other evil and violent offense classes, for example, attack and bothered attack (Zimring, 2000).Therefore, instead of discovering disagreeing results for less real/honest offenses, the information gave extra true and positive statement to the general example of results (Zimring, 2000). References Dahlberg PhD, L. L. (1998). Youth violence in the United States: Major trends, risk factors, and prevention approaches. American journal of preventive medicine, 14(4), 259-272. Flannery, R. B. (1999). Preventing youth violence. Bloomsbury Publishing. Mercy, J. A., Butchart, A., Farrington, D. (2002). Youth violence. Zimring, F. E. (2000). American youth violence. Oxford University Press.

Characteristics of Criminal Homicides :: essays research papers

Michael Woodworth and Stephen Porter. (August 2002). In Cold Blood: Characteristics of Criminal Homicides as a Function of Psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 111, No. 3, 436-445. Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study examined the correlation between psychopathy and the characteristics of criminal homicides committed by offenders. Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was hypothesized that the homicides committed by psychopathic offenders would be more likely to be primarily instrumental (I.e., associated with premeditation, motivated by an external goal, and not preceded by a potent affective reaction) or â€Å"cold-blooded† in nature (Pg. 436).† However, homicides committed by nonpsychopaths often would be â€Å"crimes of passion† associated with a high level of impulsivity/reactivity and emotionality. Method   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A sample of 125 Canadian offenders were selected for the study. The entire sample was examined in two different ways. First, dual coding was used on a random selection of 21 offenders. These people were asked questions and scored a number of points depending on their responses. All file information on these offenders were made available to the blind coder. Second, a set of 33 cases were randomly selected for dual coding. These cases were different because all details were not made available to the blind coder. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The results confirmed the hypothesis; â€Å"homicides committed by psychopathic offenders were more instrumental than homicides by nonpsychopaths. Almost all (93.3%) of the homicides by psychopaths were primarily instrumental in nature compared with 48.4% of the homicides by nonpsychopaths (Pg. 436).† Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authors’ conclusions from their study went to prove what they believed to be the outcome. Nothing was found to be shocking or a surprise when reviewing the end results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel the authors conclusions â€Å"hit the nail right on the head.

Essay --

Executive Summary Air Asia, is the market leader of low cost carriers in Asia, indicate on the excellent record of bringing for innovative concept into the business. Air Asia is a low cost carrier that keeps position in the world’s records. Strategic management has played a rouge role in successfully of many business institutions in the world of many airlines including Air Asia. There are many parts in this report such as company background, SWOT analysis, target market, monitoring and evaluation, marketing mix, and budget. So as to make more profit for Air Asia, a marketing strategy has been planned to have a better growth throughout this marketing action plan in the near future. Lists of Table and Content Figures/ Tables Pages Figure 1: Competitive of Air Asia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Figure 2: The Strategy Clock of Air Asia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......10 Figure 3: Product Life Cycle of Air Asia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 Table 1: Product and Services of Air Asia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Table 2: Competitors of Airasia.................................................................................................7 Table 3: Strength and Weaknesses of Competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........8 Table 4: SWOT Analysis of Air Asia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........9 Table 5: Marketing Action Plan of Airasia...............................................................................14 Table 6: Budget of â€Å"You fly I fly† of Air Asia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Table of Contents Page Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 List of Figures and Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........2 Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... ... low-income and medium-income group because of them do not have so much money to buy an expensive ticket to travel, so that Air Asia promote this plan to let more people can have a chance and go travel with this promotion plan. There are some alternative plans for the marketing action plan such as game plan. Air Asia provides constituency good serving to places they want or need to go to as well as at an equitable and forecast price. As well as the price is obviously a significant element driving the marketplace, it is definitely not the only one. It will not be our aim though we may occasionally lowest price on the market competitors. Nor will we look for to be the highest priced, either a reasonable fare basis, perspicuity, and equitable linked with good service and greater expediency than furnished elsewhere, be going to be our guiding principles (Svala, 2013).

James Spencer Essay

Introduction The conditions for the poor were terrible at the time when Charles dickens wrote the novel a Christmas carol to express his concern about the conditions for these people. At first Charles was going to show his concern by writing a serious pamphlet explaining the conditions people were living in but after much thought he decided a book would be better because he was a famous author. Charles believed this would help by alerting people of the lives the people were living so they would donate to charity at Christmas a time of giving. Paragraph 1 In stave one of the book we are introduced to Scrooge and Jacob Marley. In the first stave scrooge is described as and evil man and also you can tell this from the things he says â€Å"Every idiot who goes around with â€Å"Merry Christmas† on his lips should be boiled with his own pudding and buried with a stake of holy through his heart. † He replied to his nephew after he invited him to Christmas dinner this shows he dose not like Christmas and also he is very rude and is not afraid of sharing his point of view with others. Scrooge is rude to all the people who try to be nice to him in this first chapter from the men who asked for a donation for charity to his employee who asked for Christmas day off to whom he only just excepted say he needs to be in the earlier the next day. When scrooge goes home he sees the ghost of his ex-partner Jacob Marley who tells him he will have to mend his ways or he may end up with a similar fate. Paragraph 2 In stave two Scrooge is visited by the first of the three ghosts of Christmas the ghost of Christmas past. This chapter gives us a lot of important information on scrooge such as his time at school his work for Mr. Feziwig and his relationship that ended when he became obsessed with money â€Å"I have seen you nobler aspirations fall off one by one until the master-passion, gain, engrosses you†. Scrooge’s fianci e told him when she didn’t want to see him anymore because he had changed at the begging of this chapter he is show as a hard working boy in school that didn’t really have any friends but had a grate love for his sister. The chapter also tells us about the time he worked for Mr. Feziwig and how he used to have a good time and how he was bad employer because he didn’t treat his staff to a good time. Paragraph 3 In stave three Scrooge meets the second of the ghosts the ghost of Christmas present who shows him what over peoples Christmas are like this shows the appalling conditions the Cratchits lived in and how his nephew disrespects him and what he says about him â€Å"his offences carry their own punishment, and I have nothing to say against his†. Fred said after he called a toast to his uncle later on at the meal they all insult scrooge. In this chapter we learn of the great poverty of the Cratchits were they have to share glasses and of tiny Tim’s illness and how he will die if scrooge doesn’t help him. Paragraph 4 In stave for scrooge meets the last of the ghosts the ghost of Christmas future. In this chapter of the book scrooge finds out he has died and he realizes that no one liked him and that his money was not any use to him when he was dead â€Å"he frightened everyone away from him when he was alive to profit us when he was dead! Ha, ha ha! † The pawn broker say’s as we realizes all of scrooges possessions have been sold when they can no longer be any use to him as he is dead. In this chapter he realizes that being a bad person isn’t any good to him and that’s its better to be remembered as a good person than a bad one because that’s all you have when you die. Scrooge has now changed and wants to be a better person and we see what he dose in the last chapter Paragraph 5. In the last chapter in the book scrooge seems to be happier person he dose this by trying to be nice to other people and by doing good deeds he also apologizes to bob and says â€Å"a merrier Christmas, bob, my good fellow, than I have given for many a year! I’ll raise your salary; endeavor to assist your struggling family. † Scrooge said to bob on Christmas day he also gives the Cratchit’s a turkey anonymously and goes to dinner with his nephew and family this shows that scrooge has changed a lot and also want to be a better person. Conclusion I believe that by the end of the story scrooge is a better person and the only reason he became a bad person was because of his own ignorance to what was going on around him. Charles Dickens is try to tell his rich audience of readers that money isn’t every thing and you can have a good time without it but if you do have it you should be generous and try to help over people have a good time and by doing that you will have a good time your self.

Differences of Radical Behaviorism, Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Applied Behavior Analysis Essay

The phrase â€Å"radical behaviorism† can either be applied to a philosophy which was created by B. F. Skinner and can also be used to refer to a particular school which became known during the time when behaviorism was in power. It considers behavior as a natural science and that the behavior of animals can be understood and studied beneficially, comparable to the behavior of humans (Chiesa, 1994). On the other hand, â€Å"experimental analysis of behavior† can also refer to a school of psychology founded by B.  F. Skinner or to a philosophy that is basically from the philosophy of radical behaviorism. Data-driven examination of functional relations is one of the central principles which are incorporated in the experimental analysis of behavior. It also includes inductive examination and can be considered in contrast to the kinds of hypothetico-deductive learning theory (Skinner, 1963). â€Å"Applied behavior analysis† is an applied research of behavior and is one of the four domains in the analysis of behaviors. Furthermore, it is the science in which strategy or procedures are derived from the main philosophies of behavior are applied systematically and uses the natural science perspective in terms of its applications. The applied behavior analysis makes the technology for application in a variety of settings available. The diversity of its settings starts from individuals who have autism up to organizational improvement. In addition to this, it is mainly used to enhance the significant social behaviors and that experimentation is employed in determining the variables responsible for modifications or changes (Cooper et al, 2006). These three philosophies under psychology, though they seem to be similar to one another, may also have certain dissimilarities among them. In terms of their underlying principles and philosophy, certain dissimilarities or differences, though somehow related, can already be noticed. The radical behaviorism gained interest because of two proposals or philosophies, one is that all organismic action is determined and not free. Second is that, it refers to the consideration of the â€Å"anti-theoretical†. While on the other hand, the principles or premises utilized as basis for the experimental analysis of behavior includes that â€Å"everything that organisms do is behavior† and that â€Å"all behavior is lawful†. Central to this is the utilization of a Four-term contingency which are utilized to illustrate functional relationships in controlling behavior. The Four-term contingency are motivating operations, discriminative stimulus, behavior as response and consequences. On the other hand, in the applied behavior analysis, it considers behavior as a subject, rather than a natural science and that it is composed of an antecedent, behavior, and consequence (Cooper et al, 2006). While in radical behaviorism, no recognition is given still tat work in traditional psychology has any value or that it can be useful in a unification with behaviorism (Weiner and Freedheim, 2003). The methods, techniques, purposes and service delivery of the three philosophies in psychology also differ from one to the other. In the experimental analysis of behavior, operant conditioning chambers, which are enclosures specifically designed for holding and testing animals, and cumulative recorders, an instrument that graphically records responses from animals or subjects, are used. In the applied behavior analysis, the techniques employed include task analysis, chaining, prompting and fading. On the other hand, radical behaviorism uses operant psychology. Operant psychology is an alternative or replacement for classical conditioning which was observed by Skinner to be non-functional in accounting for behaviors which individuals are most interested of. In the operant conditioning, positive reinforcements and negative reinforcements are utilized and are used to increase the re-occurrence of a behavior. In contrasting an emphasis on the experimental analysis of behavior with an emphasis on interpretive practices in characterizing the heart of radical behaviorism does not involve a denigration of the long-range value of laboratory research (Modgil and Modgil, 1987).

Critical Discussion: The Historical and Contemporary Uses and Notions of “Race”

Abstract This paper deals with the historical and contemporary uses and notions of the term ‘race’. The discussion is based on the dismissal of most contemporary scholars of the notion of ‘race; based on 19th century scientific taxonomies. Historically, the term has been intertwined with the notions of class, people, nation, etc. and is closely related to the concepts of ‘lineage,’ ‘caste’, etc. The term is also used to denote a biological idea, which evolved to mean human physical variations, ethnic identities, human genetics, and racist ideologies. The contemporary use of ‘race’ is focused on the integration and socialisation or re-socialisation of people with other groups of different origin with whom they identify, regardless of age, gender, ethnic identities, religion, etc. Introduction This brief aim to discuss critically the historical and contemporary use(s) and notions of the term ‘race’, taking into account that most contemporary scholars dismiss the notion of ‘race’, as exemplified by the 19th century scientific taxonomies. According to Donald and Rattansi (2005), ‘race’ refers to social meanings characterised by instability and decentralised ideas, with occurrences of constant transformations from political struggle. Montagu (1997), on the other hand, has referred to it as the most dangerous myth, indicating the relevance of the needed work for this concept. He further surmises that ‘black’ and ‘white’ must no longer be used to describe society or certain groups of people. The existence of race is said to be an experience rather than an imagined or even real phenotype (qualities produced by the effect of environment on genes). Montagu states that the reason why the feeling of ‘race’ is sustained is because of the geographic segregation of people on the levels of community, society, and world-systems. The historical and contemporary use(s) and notions of the term ‘race’ are discussed below. Historical Uses and Notions of ‘Race’ In its original conception, ‘race’ pertains to a group of people with common descent and is closely related to the concepts of ‘caste’, ‘lineage’, etc. ‘Race’ has been used to differentiate people of color and Caucasian ones to reflect the construction of classes, which embody very detailed classifications. It has been presented to conduct a systematic analysis of theoretical problems and political ideas (specifically ‘race’ ideas) and the contributions of these ideas to the formation of communities and race-state interrelationships (e.g. Donald and Rattansi, 2005). Voegelin (1998) states that the study of the notion of ‘race’ has spanned a period of around a century and a half, beginning from the late 17th century to mid-19th century and claims that the development of modern history serves as the context for the emergence of the notion of ‘race’. Historically, the notion of ‘race’ is one that interweaved with the concepts of class, nation, people, ethnic group, and the like, and is expressed through its diverse use, such as in the depiction of ‘human race,’ superior race,’ English race,’ etc. ‘Race’ has appeared in southwestern European languages (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian) and has likewise been used widely amongst European countries (England, France) (Llobera, 2003). It has already existed in earlier periods of history and in different cultures. In fact a strong link was demonstrated between the European slave trade and the rise of racism in the West; however, Llobera (2003) claims that slavery is not a sufficient explanation for the existence of racism during this period. The notion of ‘race’ had already existed amongst Greeks and Romans during the ancient period, as they distinguished whites from blacks. However, such distinction did not bear any signifi cant social or cultural impact (Llobera, 2003), indicating the difference with how it was classically perceived and how it was perceived in its later notions, such as the 19th century scientific taxonomies. From the 14th century to the mid-17th century, the definition of ‘race’ altered the expression of kinship relationships and genealogy towards an emphasis on physical appearance and skin colour. These multiple understandings of the notion of ‘race’ can be summed up as being associated with a transitional period during which a move took place from a definition of ethnicity in which several definitions co-existed with a monolithic modern concept of race. During the renaissance period, the use of ‘race’ was used to denote bloodlines or lineage, such as the concept of a royal bloodline. In addition, religious conversions were able to transform blood identity; for example, a Christian who was a pagan by birth obtained a new racial identity upon conversion to Christianity (Spiller, 2011). Indeed, as have been clarified by many scholars (e.g. Spencer, 2006; James, 2011), the historical notions of ‘race’ in the early modern era is character ised by overlapping and even opposing concepts of religion and ethnicity. Historic events such as the slave trade and ‘scientific racialism’ (Spiller, 2011:2) clearly seem to have changed European attitudes toward race and identity. Ethnic identities have been used to understand the initial modern notions of ‘race’ (Spiller, 2011). In the mid-18th century, increasing knowledge of the different appearances of the human being ensued, so that ‘race’ began to be understood in terms of human physical variations. As such, human beings (in the variety of physical forms the human body takes) were seen as parts within a larger systematic structure, which is nature (Voegelin, 1998). It must be noted that as early as the 15th century, biological unity has already been assumed in the notion of ‘race’, as seen in the expression ‘unity of blood’ in the Iberian Peninsula (Llobera, 2003). In the 20th century, specifically when the Nazi regime came to existence, the notion of ‘race’ has been presented as an extremely controversial term. It includes a range of situations affirming the superiority of one ‘race’ over another. Due to its link to extremely negative moral issues, the word ‘racism’ elicits abuse and must be used with appropriate caution (Llobera, 2003). One can therefore see here that ‘race’ has transformed gradually from one that depicts the classification of classes, ethnicity, religion, etc. to one that functions as a device to evaluate superiority and inferiority. The notion of race is influenced by suggestions that it should be understood not as a reflection of biological fact but as a reflection of prevailing racist ideologies (e.g. Ferguson, 2013; Beidler and Taylor, 2005). A worthy argument is that if ‘race’ originates as a category that provides hierarchical privileges to a ruling status, thereby making other groups inferior, then those considered inferior, such as people of colour, are apparently pushed into this derogation (Beidler and Taylor, 2005). Contemporary Uses and Notions of ‘Race’ The uses and notions of ‘race’ have trailed a different direction in the contemporary understanding of the term. The change in the concept is illustrated in Korean children who grew up in largely black and Latino communities in Los Angeles and who had more in common with their black and Latino peers than with other Korean students. The same is seen amongst black suburban children in largely white communities who have identified more with the cultural values of their white peer group than with their ethnic brothers and sisters (Montagu, 1997). Despite their different phenotypical characteristics, people can assume the identity of another group (‘race’) through socialisation and re-socialisation. This is contrary to the historical notion of ‘race’, which dealt largely with bloodlines or lineage, or with biological components, or with the perception of superiority and inferiority (e.g. Llobera, 2003; and Spiller, 2011). ‘Race’ is called an ‘experience’ in its contemporary use because of the increasing multi-racial movement worldwide that depicts its existence (Tattersall and DeSalle, 2011). For example, a growing number or Americans have insisted on being regarded as belonging to more than one ‘race’ and maintain their public and private transnational identities. These movements are a reminder that single racialised categories only oversimplify the complexities of culture and ethnicity (Montagu, 1997). According to Donald and Rattansi (2005), when issues of age, gender, class, and religion are made to integrate to culture, ethnicity, and multiculturalism, a realisation that would ensue is that the extent of single-race categorisation (being a dangerous myth) will promote disparaging prejudgments that attach irrelevant distinctions on people. Apparently, this argument is parallel to the idea that it is through socialisation and re-socialisation with different gr oups that people can assume a new ‘race’ or a new identity (Montagu, 1997). Montagu (1997) presents the United States as one that brings the notion of ‘race’ as an increasingly dysfunctional way to distinguish human beings. This is because of the presence of economic, political, and demographic factors that demand people to become competent interculturally (e.g. Donald and Rattansi, 2005). This propensity for intercultural competence blurs the distinction of people based on skin colour and other forms of identity. This is parallel to recognising the cultural and social integration of people of various origins as the new way of their cultural and social belongingness (e.g. Llobera, 2003; Spiller, 2011). Whitmarsh and Jones (2010) suggest that race and ethnicity function as categories of racial relationships, such as certain racial dualities where fine skin colour distinctions are dominant. Anthropological research (e.g. Whitmarsh and Jones, 2010) reveals that ethnic identities are incongruous and numerous in ways that cannot be reduced to racial classifications. Racial and ethnic categorisations are arbitrarily interwoven with gender and class in various discourses. These contemporary uses of ‘race’ have produced overwhelming accounts of racial disparities, ranging from income, education, punishment, medical treatment, and so on, thereby leading some theorists to suggest that the notion of ‘race’ needs to be understood in the context of the related notion of social justice (Whitmarsh and Jones, 2010). This is contrary to the use of ‘race’ as an outcome of socialisation and re-socialisation to a new culture, which Llobera, (2003) has earlier described. In Lively and Weaver‘s (2006) view, however, racial classifications (without regard to their purpose) tend to stigmatise. Despite efforts to correct the past, notions of racial inferiority may still be present, thereby leading to a politics of racial hostility. However, the current ways to discuss the notion of ‘race’ are through remnants of earlier ways of understanding this concept, making it easy to understand contemporary discussions about itself as a pale reflection of its more vigorous discourse (Ernest, 2009). Understanding ‘race’ would inform of the fact that there are only trivial physical and biological differences between groups referred to as ‘races.’ There is no convincing empirical case that allows the ascription of common intellectual, psychological, or moral characteristics to individuals based on skin colour. There is certainly no good ethical case to serve as a justification of inequitable treatment on such illogical basis (e.g. Montagu, 1997). This is seen in the current understanding of this concept based on people’s integration to a different social and/or cultural group, with whom they identify. It has been broadly acknowledged that problematic stances can ensue if the contemporary notions of â€Å"race† are applied to the early modern period. This is the reason why the term is usually enclosed with quotation marks and is highlighted by qualifications (e.g. Beidler and Taylor, 2005). Conclusion This paper has provided a critical discussion of the historical and contemporary uses and notions of ‘race’. The term is characterised by unstable and centralised social meanings, within which constant transformations frequently occur. An examination of 19th-century iconography revealed that the historical notion of ‘race’ reflect the construction of classes. The Renaissance era indicated bloodlines or lineage for the term ‘race.’ Religion and ethnicity also characterised the historical notions of ‘race’ in the early modern period. The modern era, on the other hand, saw the development of this notion as one that originates from the human genetic diversity paradigm to the typological racial model. ‘Race’ as an experience is demonstrated in today’s increasing multi-racial movement in various parts of the world. Disparaging prejudgments that attach irrelevant distinctions on people would be the result of the integration between issues of gender, age, class, and religion on one hand, and culture, ethnicity, and multiculturalism on the other. ‘Race’ is a dysfunctional way to distinguish people because of the presence of economic, political, and demographic aspects that require them to develop intercultural competences. Moreover, the contemporary notion of ’race’ indicates that there is no convincing empirical and ethical case that justifies ascription of certain qualities to some individuals and treat them inequitably as a result. ‘Race’, in its contemporary use, can mean a result of socialisation and re-socialisation of people with other groups with whom they identify, regardless of age, gender, ethnic identities, and the like. References Beidler, P. D. and Taylor, G. (2005) Writing Race Across the Atlantic World: Medieval to Modern. NY: Palgrave MacMillan. Donald, J. and Rattansi, A. (2005) Race, Culture and Difference. London: The Open University. Ernest, J. (2009) Chaotic Justice: Rethinking African American Literary History. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. Ferguson, M. (2013) ‘Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko’ in M. Hendricks and P. Parker (eds.) Women. â€Å"Race,† and Writing in the Early Modern Period. NY: Routledge. James, P. (2011) Religion, Identity, and Global Governance: Ideas, Evidence and Practice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Incorporated. Lively, D. E. and Weaver, R. L. (2006) Contemporary Supreme Court Cases. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Llobera, J. R. (2003) An Invitation to Anthropology: The Structure, Evolution, and Cultural Identity of Human Societies. NY: Berghahn Books. Montagu, A. (1997) Man’s Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race. CA: Altamira Press. Spencer, S. (2006) Race and Ethnicity: Culture, Identity and Representation. NY: Routledge. Spiller, E. (2011) Reading and the History of Race in the Renaissance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Tattersall, I. and DeSalle, R. (2011) RaceDebunking a Scientific Myth. First Edition. Texas: Texas A&M University Press. Voegelin, E. (1998) The History of the Race Idea: From Ray to Carus, Volume 3. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. Whitmarsh, I. and Jones, D. S. (2010) ‘Governance and the uses of race’. In I. Whitmarsh and D. S. Jones (eds.) What’s the Use of RaceModern Governance and the Biology of Difference. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Management consultancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management consultancy - Essay Example They also have team works in every representative they send to their clients. They also use the different consulting modes in how they consult with their clients. Table of Contents Introduction Management consulting in its essence is the action or practice of helping organizations and business to improve on their performance. They are therefore called upon to help management to achieve the organization goals. Organizations call them for a variety of reasons which are mainly centered on gaining an external objective input on how to run the organization. Another reason is management consultants are experts in this area therefore gaining expertise information from the consultants (Schwartz, 2002). They are valuable since they have dealt with many organizations and hence have expert knowledge on how to achieve success in the organization. Other essential skills that management consultants offer the organizations include change management assistance, development and coaching skills, techn ology setting up in the firm, strategy development and also efficiency in operational services. Management consultants manage these tasks by bringing their own methods and frameworks that have succeeded in other organizations to make the organization more efficient and effective at performing their tasks (Drucker, 2006). Management consultancy has grown over the years. ... Management consulting therefore depends on the specialization of the consultancy firm and the consulting needs of the organization. They include information technology consulting, virtual management, human resource consulting and financial consulting. Sometimes some of this specialization offered by consultancy firms overlap and they offer an even more diversified consultancy (Werr, 2004). The field of management consultancy has grown to include consultancy in non-public organizations including the public sector. In the UK, there has been extensive use of management consultants. The government has spent a large sum between 1996 and 2006; it used 20 billion pounds in management consultants. This has raised question among the House of Commons if this type investment was even worth it. But the use of management consulting has yielded fruit especially in the National Health Service, in the Local Government Association Improvement and Development Agency and also in the National Supports T eams. Although Management consulting can be somewhat expensive it is essential. It often leads to better performance of the organization in general. It is therefore one thing that all companies and firms should consider especially in areas which they lack a lot of skills or if the firm is on the red and requires a turnaround plan to make it more profitable (Norton, 2006). Client Centered consulting process model by Cockman This consultancy cycle or model has been used by many consultants to show the interaction of the consultants and the client from the beginning of the consultancy model. At times it does not reflect what actually happens in reality. But like all models following them makes the process better. The Professional Consultants were